Why are leaves on trees turning brown in summer?

Experts have said the autumn-like conditions are a "stress signal" rather than an early change of season

Forestry experts have said leaves turning brown and falling from trees is not down to an "early autumn" but rather "stress" caused by a lack of water and prolonged heat.

National Forest officials have witnessed a number of trees in Derbyshire shedding leaves, which usually happens during September and November, as temperatures cool.

But due to the warmest summer on record in the UK, experts have said trees such as silver birch have started to shed early.

Ed Hirons, woodland manager at National Forest, told the BBC: "It might look like autumn is here already but these brown, crinkly leaves are trees putting out stress signals due to the lack of water from the drought we've experienced."

People who manage woodland are being urged to look at ways to help the soil and site recover and what interventions could be implemented in future years if it happens again.

Mr Hirons said comparisons have been made between the warm summers of 2022 and 2025.

But he added the big difference in 2025 has been the prolonged length of warm, dry weather where temperatures have been above average and rainfall has been below average.

Woodland manager Ed Hirons said the situation across the National Forest will continue to be monitored

"This is not brought on from autumn, which is triggered during a change in daylight conditions, which is still a fair few weeks away [and] is usually late September, early October," he said.

"The symptoms we've seen, they can appear concerning and that brings focus to individual sites that are suffering more than most.

"The species that are suffering the most are of shallow roots such as silver birch, sycamore and field maple.

"You won't have to go far [in Derbyshire] to see it."

Mr Hirons said there is not much that can be done at this stage but work is under way to look at possible interventions to mitigate the impact in coming years.

These include planting a range of diverse species of tree with different root depths.

"You can't go around watering whole forests, but you could for individual street trees," he said.

The impact on the trees will not be known until proper studies are carried out in future

Mr Hirons added the lack of water and the impact on trees could have a wider effect on the ground soil, where other things grow.

"There are other small impacts on the ecosystem and there does seem to be, anecdotally, walking round, a bigger mass of blackberries coming out earlier from brambles, so these berries are putting on quite a glut because of the sunlight we've had throughout the spring.

"So there's changes and future studies will probably show the true impacts, but now is about what we can see and what we can feel on the ground.

"It's something that we will constantly monitor moving forward."