BBC Homepage
  • Skip to content
  • Accessibility Help
  • Your account
  • Notifications
  • Home
  • News
  • Sport
  • Weather
  • iPlayer
  • Sounds
  • Bitesize
  • CBBC
  • CBeebies
  • Food
  • More menu
More menu
Search BBC
  • Home
  • News
  • Sport
  • Weather
  • iPlayer
  • Sounds
  • Bitesize
  • CBBC
  • CBeebies
  • Food
Close menu
BBC News
Menu
  • Home
  • InDepth
  • Israel-Gaza war
  • War in Ukraine
  • Climate
  • UK
  • World
  • Business
  • Politics
  • Culture
More
  • Tech
  • Science
  • Health
  • Family & Education
  • In Pictures
  • Newsbeat
  • BBC Verify
  • Disability
  • BBC Trending

George Floyd protests: Who are Boogaloo Bois, antifa and Proud Boys?

  • Published
    17 June 2020
Share page
About sharing
Photo collage of Antifa, Boogaloo Bois and Proud Boys logos
Shayan Sardarizadeh and Mike Wendling
BBC Monitoring and BBC Trending

More than three weeks since the death of George Floyd, anti-racism protests are continuing across the US.

While in many cases peaceful, the protests have also featured scenes of police brutality, looting and violence.

Politicians, law enforcement and commentators on the left and right have accused a number of fringe groups of encouraging and participating in acts of violence.

BBC News has been examining these groups on social media platforms.

Boogaloo Bois

This relatively new anti-government subculture is perhaps the most dangerous of the bunch. Steven Carrillo, a 32-year-old US Air Force sergeant from California, has been charged with the murder of two officers during the George Floyd protests, one in Oakland and another in Santa Cruz.

  • US Air Force sergeant charged in 'Boogaloo' murder

Before being arrested, he wrote in his own blood the terms "boog" and "I became unreasonable", external on a car. Both terms are commonly used by the movement.

Rooted in a bulletin board dedicated to firearms on 4chan, external - called the /k/ board - Boogaloo Bois is a loose, leaderless movement.

A member of the far-right militia, Boogaloo Bois, walks next to protestors demonstrating outside Charlotte Mecklenburg Police Department Metro Division 2 just outside of downtown Charlotte, North Carolina, on May 29, 2020Image source, AFP/GETTY IMAGES
Image caption,

Members of the Boogaloo Bois often wear Hawaiian shirts and Boogaloo-patched military fatigues in public. "Alphabet" is a reference to US federal agencies that use acronyms, such as the FBI

The group's name is a reference to a poorly-reviewed 1984 film, Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo. The phrase "Electric Boogaloo" has since become an online meme, external meaning a low-quality sequel.

But Boogaloo Bois use it to refer to armed conflict with authorities, something akin to a second US Civil War, external.

Relatively small on 4chan in its early days, the movement has since considerably grown in size, notably helped by dozens of Facebook groups and pages with tens of thousands of members and followers. In order to evade Facebook restrictions on the word "Boogaloo", alternate terms like "Big Igloo", "Boog" and "Big Luau" are also frequently used.

Like other online movements born out of 4chan, Boogaloo Bois are steeped in the vernacular of internet memes and in-jokes.

  • BBC Trending: What is 4chan?

Some in the movement refer to themselves as "boojahideen", a parody of the term "mujahideen" which is frequently used to refer to radical Islamist militants.

This X post cannot be displayed in your browser. Please enable Javascript or try a different browser.View original content on X
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
Skip X post by Sunny South Dallas AFA

Allow X content?

This article contains content provided by X. We ask for your permission before anything is loaded, as they may be using cookies and other technologies. You may want to read X’s cookie policy, external and privacy policy, external before accepting. To view this content choose ‘accept and continue’.

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
End of X post by Sunny South Dallas AFA

Followers have a variety of views and levels of seriousness towards the movement, but most could be described as extreme libertarians and sign up to two fundamental beliefs: A desire for an armed overthrow of the government, and an unwavering commitment to gun ownership.

Boogaloo Bois were overwhelmingly opposed to coronavirus lockdowns, which they saw as an alarming sign of tyranny. When anti-lockdown gatherings were held in several states in April and May, some armed members of the Boogaloo movement were seen in the rallies, external, often wearing Hawaiian shirts - a tongue-in-cheek reference to Hawaiian luau celebrations, external.

Flag of the Boogaloo BoisImage source, FACEBOOK
Image caption,

Boogaloo Bois are often seen carrying this flag in the protests

Black Lives Matter protests have caused a divide in the group. While the majority of members support the protests and are anti-police, some in the movement's more radical circles are conflicted.

Facebook groups and pages post footage of armed members in Hawaiian shirts attending the protests carrying Boogaloo flags, claiming they are there to protect the protesters from police. Some even suggest that the demonstrations might trigger the "Boogaloo" that they've been waiting for.

Videos and hashtags sympathetic to the group have also appeared on TikTok in recent weeks. They are often posted by young men with firearms who call for an uprising, external. One video features captions such as "becoming more and more willing to die" and "cops showing at your door will be targeted first".

Some members are capitalising on the protests to engage in acts of violence against authorities. Three Boogaloo members were charged with terrorism offences in Nevada this month for alleged attempts to "spark violence" in protests, external.

This X post cannot be displayed in your browser. Please enable Javascript or try a different browser.View original content on X
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
Skip X post 2 by Jeremy Jojola

Allow X content?

This article contains content provided by X. We ask for your permission before anything is loaded, as they may be using cookies and other technologies. You may want to read X’s cookie policy, external and privacy policy, external before accepting. To view this content choose ‘accept and continue’.

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
End of X post 2 by Jeremy Jojola

Facebook has since limited the reach of Boogaloo-themed groups and pages, external. Several have been removed - or "got Zucced", as members call it - in the last few days.

Antifa

Antifa, short for "anti-fascist", is a loose affiliation of mostly far-left activists.

They include anarchists, but also communists and a few social democrats. What sets them apart is their willingness to use violence - they say, in self-defence or to defend their communities.

The movement, which at one point almost entirely disappeared in the US, saw a surge of interest after the election of Donald Trump. They routinely clash with the far right.

During the recent protests, there's some evidence that they've been involved in property damage and looting. Authorities in Texas, for instance, say three alleged looters in Austin were antifa affiliates, external.

But right-wing activists and President Donald Trump have made much bigger claims - that they are the driving force behind the violence.

This X post cannot be displayed in your browser. Please enable Javascript or try a different browser.View original content on X
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
Skip X post 3 by Donald J. Trump

Allow X content?

This article contains content provided by X. We ask for your permission before anything is loaded, as they may be using cookies and other technologies. You may want to read X’s cookie policy, external and privacy policy, external before accepting. To view this content choose ‘accept and continue’.

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
End of X post 3 by Donald J. Trump

While US presidents can designate individuals or groups as foreign terrorists, legal experts have questioned whether Mr Trump has the authority to label antifa a "domestic terrorist organisation".

There's little evidence for the sweeping claims. Antifa activists are relatively rare - their numbers are tiny compared to the size of the US protests.

  • What happened when an antifa activist met a Proud Boy

  • America's extremist battle: Antifa v alt-right

  • Far-right and antifa face off in Portland

Proud Boys

Founded in 2016 by Canadian-British right-wing activist Gavin McInnes, the Proud Boys is a far-right, anti-immigrant, all-male group with a history of street violence against its left-wing opponents, notably antifa.

The group's name is a reference to a song from the musical version of the Disney film Aladdin, external. Members often wear black and yellow Fred Perry polo shirts along with red "Make America Great Again" hats.

A man wears a sticker that says "Antifa Hunting Permit" at a Proud Boys rally in Portland, Oregon, U.S., August 17, 2019.Image source, Reuters
Image caption,

A Proud Boy wears an "Antifa hunting permit" sticker

A member must declare that he is "a Western chauvinist who refuses to apologise for creating the modern world".

The Proud Boys and affiliated groups have faced off against antifa in a number of violent street rallies in the last two years, most notably in Oregon, Washington and New York. Two members were jailed last year for beating up antifa activists in New York.

The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), a prominent civil rights group, describes the Proud Boys as a hate group, external.

Although Mr McInnes quit the group in November 2018, he filed a lawsuit against the SPLC, external three months later. Enrique Tarrio is the group's current chairman.

This X post cannot be displayed in your browser. Please enable Javascript or try a different browser.View original content on X
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
Skip X post 4 by Daniel Hosterman

Allow X content?

This article contains content provided by X. We ask for your permission before anything is loaded, as they may be using cookies and other technologies. You may want to read X’s cookie policy, external and privacy policy, external before accepting. To view this content choose ‘accept and continue’.

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
End of X post 4 by Daniel Hosterman

Proud Boys members are vehemently opposed to BLM protests. Describing attempts to bring down statues of Confederate leaders as a left-wing plot to "destroy American history", members have been seen "guarding" statues of historical figures in a number of states.

Following the establishment of the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone, a police-free district in Seattle, Proud Boys members - some armed - turned up to confront what they called "authoritarian behaviour" by the protesters.

Photos and videos of clashes between the group and antifa members near the zone have gone viral.

This X post cannot be displayed in your browser. Please enable Javascript or try a different browser.View original content on X
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
Skip X post 5 by get your bacon off the table

Allow X content?

This article contains content provided by X. We ask for your permission before anything is loaded, as they may be using cookies and other technologies. You may want to read X’s cookie policy, external and privacy policy, external before accepting. To view this content choose ‘accept and continue’.

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
End of X post 5 by get your bacon off the table

Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube have all banned the group, external from their platforms. But accounts associated with the movement have popped up again during the protests. This week, 358 Facebook accounts and 172 Instagram accounts tied to Proud Boys were removed, external.

Have a story for us? Get in touch, external.

Follow BBC Trending on Twitter @BBCtrending, external or on Facebook, external.

More on this story

  • US Air Force sergeant charged in 'Boogaloo' murder

    • Published
      17 June 2020
    Accused man Steven Carrillo
  • Far-right 'Proud Boys' jailed over New York clash

    • Published
      23 October 2019
    Proud boy members during a march, file picture
  • Trump says Antifa will be declared 'terror group'

    • Published
      31 May 2020
    Protesters from various anti-fascist groups rally in New York
  • Meet the people at America's political extremes

    • Published
      8 March 2019
    Composite of LUis and Rob
  • Antifa: Left-wing militants on the rise

    • Published
      14 August 2017
    Anti-fascist counter-protesters wait outside Emancipation Park in Charlottesville, Virginia.

Top stories

  • Energy prices to rise by more than expected ahead of winter

    • Published
      29 minutes ago
  • Mum's anger after funeral director keeps baby's body at home

    • Published
      7 hours ago
  • 'I thought it was the end of my life': Inside Israel's attack on Iran's Evin Prison

    • Published
      7 hours ago

More to explore

  • Princess Diana 90s time capsule contains Kylie CD and pocket TV

    Princess Diana, wearing a blue Chanel suit, speaks to a young girl playing with play-doh. The girl, who is looking at Diana, is wearing a floral jumper and has a sphere of play-doh in her hands.
  • Farage's deportation plans and 'Taylor to wed Travis'

    The front pages of Metro and the Sun.
  • SpaceX pulls off Starship rocket launch in stunning comeback

    A rocket takes off with smoke and fire coming out the bottom illuminating the bottom orange
  • 'I thought it was the end of my life': Inside Israel's attack on Iran's Evin Prison

    A man stands pointing upwards in the impact site of one of Israel's missiles on the administrative building at Evin Prison, where a large number of people were killed
  • Mum's anger after funeral director keeps baby's body at home

    A woman with red hair and blue eyes looks at the camera. She's sitting on a grey velvet-style sofa.
  • Trump's 50% tariff on India kicks in as Modi urges self-reliance

    Narendra Modi, India's prime minister, wearing a bright saffron turban, points to crowds during the nation's Independence Day ceremony at Red Fort in New Delhi, India, on Friday, 15 August, 2025.
  • Videos show impact of Trump's crackdown in one Washington DC neighbourhood

    A police officer leans through the smashed window of a red car to arrest a man as two others watch on.
  • The battle to save China's rare snub-nosed monkey

    A baby monkey
  • Wasp 'riding a broomstick' wows photography judges

    A red potter wasp looks almost frozen but is actually mid-flight, clutching a green caterpillar beneath its body. The background is a soft pink/purple blur, drawing focus to the insect’s deep red wings and prey.
loading elsewhere stories

Most read

  1. 1

    Mum's anger after funeral director keeps baby's body at home

  2. 2

    Wasp 'riding a broomstick' wows photography judges

  3. 3

    Farage's deportation plans and 'Taylor to wed Travis'

  4. 4

    Energy prices to rise by more than expected ahead of winter

  5. 5

    Tayvis are engaged - what we learned, and how fans reacted

  6. 6

    Princess Diana 90s time capsule contains Kylie CD and pocket TV

  7. 7

    Trump's 50% tariff on India kicks in as Modi urges self-reliance

  8. 8

    Australia police shooting suspect named as manhunt continues

  9. 9

    How achievable is Reform's plan on migration?

  10. 10

    'I thought it was the end of my life': Inside Israel's attack on Iran's Evin Prison

BBC News Services

  • On your mobile
  • On smart speakers
  • Get news alerts
  • Contact BBC News

Best of the BBC

  • The world’s deadliest offshore disaster revisited

    • Attribution
      iPlayer
    Disaster at Sea: The Piper Alpha Story
  • The rise and fall of a British religious cult

    • Attribution
      Sounds
  • A sweeping historical drama with James Norton

    • Attribution
      iPlayer
    King and Conqueror
  • Ian Wright remembers his inspirational teacher

    • Attribution
      Sounds
    Desert Island Discs Postcards
  • Home
  • News
  • Sport
  • Weather
  • iPlayer
  • Sounds
  • Bitesize
  • CBBC
  • CBeebies
  • Food
  • Terms of Use
  • About the BBC
  • Privacy Policy
  • Cookies
  • Accessibility Help
  • Parental Guidance
  • Contact the BBC
  • Make an editorial complaint
  • BBC emails for you

Copyright © 2025 BBC. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read about our approach to external linking.