US election 2020: Fact-checking Trump team's main fraud claims
- Published
President Trump's lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, is claiming widespread electoral fraud
Efforts continue by President Donald Trump and his team to challenge the outcome of the election.
What evidence is there for the main allegations they are making of fraud and irregularities?
Claim 1: More votes than registered voters
President Trump has repeated unproven claims that battleground states have recorded more votes than registered voters - it's a rumour that has been circulating in various forms since the election.
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The latest allegations focus on Michigan, where the Trump campaign says voter turnout in some areas was higher than 100%, an outcome known as an "overvote".
The source for this claim appears to be a document posted by former Republican congressional candidate Russ Ramsland.
It lists 19 areas which appear to have a voter turnout high than 100%.
Precincts which are claimed to be in Michigan - but are in fact in Minnesota
However, these precincts are all in the state of Minnesota - not Michigan.
Do they even stack up as precincts where impossibly high levels of voting took place?
Top of the list is Benville Township with an alleged 350% turnout.
It's a small place, and according to electoral records, external, 63 voted out of a total of 71 registered.
That's a turnout of 89%.
We checked the other precincts on the list, and all have them had turnouts below 100%.
So the list is wrong on all counts: it's the wrong state, and the turnout figures (for these 19 Minnesota precincts) are all wrong as well.
President Trump has also claimed there were "far more votes than people" in Michigan's largest city Detroit.
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However, a quick check of the election results for Detroit, external shows that turnout in the city was just under 50%.
There have been other claims on social media that more people voted than were registered in Wisconsin - but that's because they were sharing an out-of-date figure for voter registrations in the state.
Claim 2: Unexplained surges in Democrat votes
There've been a number of allegations from President Trump and others about votes for his rival, Joe Biden, suddenly appearing in large numbers during the counting process.
In his news conference on 19 November, Mr Giuliani repeated a claim suggesting that thousands of extra ballots had arrived very early in the morning at a Detroit counting centre.
Counting at an election centre in Detroit, Michigan
Mr Giuliani's remarks were based on a claim made by an election worker, alleging she saw two vans which were meant to bring food, but she says she "never saw any food coming out of the vans, coincidentally it was announced on the news that Michigan had found over 100,000 more ballots — not even two hours after the last van left."
However, this claim - and other allegations - were rejected in a ruling on 13 November, with the judge deciding they weren't credible., external
There've been other claims from the Republicans about sudden spikes in votes favouring the Democrats in key battleground states - such as Michigan and Wisconsin - implying fraud could be involved.
These spikes can be easily accounted for in the timing of the release of large batches of results for big cities like Milwaukee and Detroit, which are always skewed heavily Democratic.
In some cases, there have been clerical errors or software glitches, which have been corrected after being discovered., external
It's also worth noting that the record numbers of postal ballots in this election have overwhelmingly favoured the Democratic party, particularly in urban areas.
In some states (including Michigan and Wisconsin) counting of these postal votes only started once the polls had closed on 3 November. They take longer to count, so you would have expected to see a bump in the Biden vote each time batches of these results were released.
Claim 3: Votes flipped from Trump to Biden
President Trump's legal team also repeated a claim made by him that there had been an issue with the voting system used in some battleground states which supposedly allowed millions of votes to be flipped from him to his rival, Mr Biden.
There is no evidence for this, and none has been provided by the president's legal team.
The president is echoing accusations made on the conservative news outlet One America News Network (OANN) about Dominion voting machines, which have been widely used across the US in this election.
An OANN report refers to an "unaudited analysis of data" obtained from an election monitoring group, Edison Research, which allegedly showed millions of votes were flipped.
However, the company's president, Larry Rosin, said: "Edison Research has produced no such report and we have no evidence of any voter fraud."
Edison Research provides many of the major US networks (as well as the BBC) with exit poll data and results.
Dominion Voting Systems has released a statement, external saying: "Claims about Dominion switching or deleting votes are 100% false."
Claim 4: The voting machines are owned by Democrats
President Trump has said the "Radical Left owned Dominion Voting Systems" with his legal team pointing to ties with Bill and Hillary Clinton and other Democratic politicians.
In a statement, Dominion Voting Systems said it is a non-partisan US company and has no ownership relationships with the Clintons or with top Democratic politician Nancy Pelosi.
Dominion software has been widely used in voting and counting machines
It is important to clarify the difference between direct ownership of Dominion as claimed by President Trump, and donations made by the company either for philanthropic or lobbying purposes.
Dominion has made donations to both Republicans and Democrats, but it's not uncommon for a company such as this to lobby for government contracts in this way.
Dominion donated to the Clinton Foundation in 2014, but the company has also donated to Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell.
The rumours about Speaker Pelosi stem from her former chief of staff, Nadeam Elshami, being hired by Dominion - but it has also hired staff previously associated with the Republican party.
Claim 5: Thousands of dead people voted
President Trump and his supporters have said ballots were cast for dead people on a massive scale in the election - with thousands voting in key states.
We looked into a list of 10,000 people in the battleground state of Michigan who it was claimed were dead but voted - and found it was fundamentally flawed.
Roberto Garcia was on the Michigan 'dead voter' list but told us: "I'm definitely alive and I definitely voted for Biden!"
Investigations into other "dead voter" lists have come to similar conclusions - with no evidence emerging that there's been widespread fraud through ballots being cast for dead people.
Fox News host Tucker Carlson apologised after he had repeated claims from the Trump campaign and singled out a 'dead voter' in Georgia who subsequently turned out to be alive.
There have been occasions in US elections of dead people having apparently voted, but evidence suggests this is not a widespread problem.
It is often down to clerical errors when legitimate votes are received or perhaps other family members with similar names voting with their ballots.
