Bruce Lee claimed as 'father' of Mixed Martial Arts

Nearly 40 years after his death, Bruce Lee is still one of the most recognisable faces in the world

Almost 40 years after his death, a documentary on the life of martial arts legend Bruce Lee is being released, showing him as a film star, fighter and philosopher, and produced by his daughter Shannon Lee.

Of all the credits attached to the name Bruce Lee, one of the bolder claims made in the documentary I Am Bruce Lee, is that he was the de facto father of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA).

Often criticised for its brutality, MMA, and its most popular form the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), has overtaken boxing as the most watched full-contact sport in the world.

Bruce Lee was honoured with a statue in Hong Kong

Its invention is credited largely to the Gracie family of fighters from Brazil, who founded the Brazilian jiu-jitsu utilised in "anything goes" combat of the early 20th Century.

However, Bruce Lee's daughter Shannon Lee agrees it is unlikely that one man or family single-handedly invented something as universal as mixing different forms of combat.

"Certainly, there are very few wholly original ideas in the world, there are usually people coming to the same conclusions or carrying out experiments, whether publicly or privately."

But she adds: "One thing I will say about my father is that he was very much out in the forefront talking about his beliefs about being a complete fighter and attaching a philosophy to that and teaching it.

"While there may have been people prior to him who thought about mixing one or two forms, it was really my father who took it to a public level."

If Lee was responsible for mixing fighting styles together, he also married the physical and the philosophical, thanks to his studies at the University of Washington as a young man.

MMA combines disciplines ranging from kickboxing and karate to judo and jiu jitso

"You know how I think of myself?", he said once in an interview. "As a human being.... under the sky, under the heavens there is but one family."

Next year marks the 40th anniversary of his death, from a cerebral oedema, a fatal build up of fluid on the brain. He was just 32 and the father of two young children with his wife Linda Lee Cadwell.

It is also the 40th anniversary of his most famous film, Enter The Dragon, released months after his death, bringing him international, albeit posthumous, acclaim.

In fact, his tragically short career has prompted other documentary makers though the years to examine his life, begging the question of whether there is any need for another one.

Inosanto still owns the nunchucks which he used to fight Lee in Game of Death

"There have been many documentaries," admits Shannon Lee, who acted as executive producer of I Am Bruce Lee.

"In fact, when the idea of this documentary came about, even I was a little wary.

"What's so great is that my father is extremely present in this film, it's not just people talking about him. You get a sense that he's there and he's offering the viewer an opinion on himself."

I Am Bruce Lee also omits more obvious talking heads, such as fellow martial arts stars like Jackie Chan and Jet li, in favour of aficionados such as Modern Family actor Ed O'Neill, basketball player Kobe Bryant and Black Eyed Peas star Taboo.

Lee's friend and student Dan Inosanto also speaks movingly about him. The pair fought against each other in Game of Death, a film only half completed by Lee before his death.

Much of what is known of Lee's life and philosophy comes from <link> <caption>a 1971 interview</caption> <url href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5705518582839508545#" platform="highweb"/> </link> with Pierre Berton, probably now the definitive interview with the late superstar, certainly the only surviving television interview, done just two years prior to his death.

Clips from the interview feature extensively in I Am Bruce Lee, as he explains his beliefs to an increasingly bemused presenter.

"He was being himself to such a high degree," says Shannon. "In fact sometimes Pierre is looking at him as if to say, 'What is this guy talking about?'. But I do think it's a special piece of film."

Over the past 40 years, pirated copies of Lee films have been widely disseminated

Initially an actress who made her film debut in Dragon, the 1993 biopic of her father, Shannon Lee is now president of the <link> <caption>Bruce Lee Foundation</caption> <url href="http://bruceleefoundation.com/index.cfm/page/Home" platform="highweb"/> </link> , a non-profit organisation aimed at protecting the star's legacy and offering educational scholarships to "students who... exemplify Bruce Lee's passion for education".

Four decades after his death, his name is still a business <link> <caption>worth up to $5m a year.</caption> <url href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/12/business/global/12iht-lee.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all" platform="highweb"/> </link> However, the figure is small fry in comparison with the estates of other top earning dead celebrities.

The problem, Lee says, is that her father is still one of the most iconic film stars of the 20th Century and it is a daily battle tackling the illegal use of his image and piracy of his films.

"We'll spend a week getting everything taken down and two weeks later, all new stuff is up," she says.

"We have a little running joke in the office, which is 'don't go on the internet'."

Joking aside, avoiding the internet is not necessarily a bad thing if Lee wishes to avoid long-running speculation about remaking Bruce Lee's most famous film.

"I don't think Enter The Dragon should ever be remade," she says flatly.

"I don't think that anyone could try to be my father, I think he was extremely unique and if anybody were to try to act like him and pull off the action in the same way, that would be a mistake.

"Trying to give a Bruce Lee-esque performance would be an epic failure."

With talk of releasing a remastered version of the film for its anniversary next year, perhaps it is a failure that can be avoided for now.

<italic>I Am Bruce Lee is on limited release on 20 July and is out on DVD and Blu-ray on 23 July.</italic>