The report may have found that Dominic Raab acted in an “intimidating” and “insulting” manner with civil servants, but the former deputy prime minister has found himself with some supporters within the Conservative party.

Backbench MP Joy Morrissey tweeted, external her take on the saga, saying that “sadly we now live in a country where the definition of bullying includes telling someone to do their job,” adding that the “slightest upset or annoyance is indulged with endless reports and inquiries”.

She continued: “Where whining, taking offence and narcissistic victimhood have become the defining characteristics of our times – as the uncomplaining and silent majority look on in disbelief.”

Sima Kotecha
BBC Newsnight

Image source, EPA

This investigation has taken months and I understand that the impact on some of those who’ve been involved in some form or another has been immense.

I’ve been speaking to former and current civil servants, some of whom have worked closely with Dominic Raab in the various departments he’s led.

As they learnt of his resignation this morning, my WhatsApp went a bit crazy. The buzzword was “relief” now that he’d stepped down.

But there was also anger with one former senior civil servant saying Raab "appears to be exiting entirely consistently with how he led the department”.

They went on to say: “The inference one has to draw from his statement about setting standards is that previous justice secretaries and deputy prime ministers (none of whom have faced anything like the scale of criticism as Raab) were less able to achieve success through more reasonable and respectful dialogue with civil servants.

"It’s perhaps of note from his letter that he feels there are different, perhaps acceptable thresholds of bullying, which perhaps says all it needs to say about this whole fiasco”.

Dominic Raab has called the investigation flawed and said the threshold for an act of bullying has been set too low - which will now set a "dangerous precedent" for future investigations.

This raises interesting questions about the future relationships between civil servants and ministers. It’s likely to throw the spotlight on behaviour and conduct in politics.

Sam Hancock
Live reporter

As you'd expect with a major political story, the BBC's Newscast podcast team have swung into action and I'm listening to them record their episode live at Broadcasting House in central London.

Adam Fleming's guests today are the BBC's deputy political editor Vicki Young, Newsnight's UK editor Sima Kotecha and former No 10 chief of staff Gavin Barwell.

You'll be able to catch the full episode later on BBC Sounds, but for now let me bring you some of the key lines being discussed.

Vicki Young, who's on the line from Westminster, says there's already been some chatter about the differences between outgoing justice secretary Dominic Raab and his replacement Alex Chalk. "Someone has made a joke about cheese and chalk," she says.

Sima Kotecha, meanwhile, goes straight in on the report by Adam Tolley KC that ultimately led to his resignation. She says it's nuanced but stresses that people she's spoken to - civil servants - have reached out to her today with "scathing responses" to Raab's to resignation letter. You can read more on that here.

Some reaction now from the Green Party. Earlier their co-leader Adrian Ramsay tweeted, external:

Jasmine Taylor-Coleman
Live reporter

Good afternoon from all of us here in the BBC newsroom. I'll be leading you through the rest of the day's developments alongside my colleague Jamie Whitehead and our team of writers and experts. If you're just joining - or if even if you've looked away for the last 90 minutes or so - there's a lot to catch you up on.

Since Dominic Raab resigned this morning, we've heard from Rishi Sunak who described his "great sadness" at losing his long-time ally from the Cabinet. We've been bringing you the key findings from the investigation into Raab's behaviour. You can see its main conclusions just a little further down this page.

Meanwhile, Oliver Dowden, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, has been appointed deputy PM in Raab's place, with Alex Chalk becoming justice secretary. There has been other movement in the cabinet too, including Chole Smith being appointed to cover Michelle Donelan as science secretary while she is on maternity leave.

There is sure to be more developments to come so stay with us as we bring you the latest news, reaction and analysis.

Many of report's findings may be subject to interpretationpublished at 15:19 British Summer Time 21 April 2023

15:19 BST 21 April 2023

Ione Wells
Political correspondent

Image source, PA Media

This report is incredibly complex - and much more caveated and nuanced than perhaps some were expecting. Some things are not disputed: that two of these complaints were upheld, which Raab has admitted.

But there is still a lot here that might be subjective in the eye of the beholder.

The report offers points that aid Raab's defence. It says Adam Tolley KC wasn't convinced Raab used physical gestures in a threatening way, no evidence he shouted or swore at people, and some of the complaints could not be characterised as offensive or malicious.

However, other sections are more stinging. The report says a Foreign Office complaint involved an abuse of power in a way that undermines or humiliates. There is repeated reference to how Raab cites the Civil Service Code in a way that could have been interpreted as a threat of disciplinary action - even if that wasn't the intention.

And in relation to the upheld Ministry of Justice complaint, Tolley says Raab used language that could reasonably be understood as "insulting personal criticism".

The different layers, interpretations, and disputes over what he should or should not have known make for complex reading. It shows just how tricky it has been for Tolley to be categorical.

James Gregory
BBC News

The investigation looked at eight formal complaints covering Dominic Raab's time as Brexit secretary under Theresa May, and as justice secretary and foreign secretary under Boris Johnson.

It found:

• During a work meeting as foreign secretary, Raab acted "in a way which was intimidating, in the sense of unreasonably and persistently aggressive"
• As justice secretary, Raab acted in an "intimidating" manner when delivering critical feedback on work on a number of occasions
• In one example, he described some work as "utterly useless" and "woeful"
• The report found no evidence to suggest any abuse or misuse of power following a complaint made about his time as Brexit secretary.
• And there was no persuasive evidence that Raab shouted at individuals or ever lost control

Read more here.

A short while ago we saw Dominic Raab's replacement arrive at the Ministry of Justice.

The new Justice Secretary Alex Chalk had been minister of state for defence procurement since October last year, and before that he was prisons minister.

Sunak loyalists rewardedpublished at 14:46 British Summer Time 21 April 2023

14:46 BST 21 April 2023

Ben Wright
BBC political correspondent

In appointing Oliver Dowden to the post of deputy prime minister and Alex Chalk to justice secretary, Rishi Sunak has promoted two of his closest allies - while they both voted to remain in the European Union (unlike the prime minister), they are firm friends of his.

Dowden ran Sunak's leadership campaign last summer, and Chalk was one of his most enthusiastic supporters.

The sunny, affable and unfailingly polite new justice secretary is very different to his predecessor – or at least the predecessor which is described in Adam Tolley’s report.

You might say they're Chalk and cheese.

These appointments say something about the prime minister's confidence too. When Rishi Sunak became PM last October, he made a point of keeping former Liz Truss supporters such as Therese Coffey, Suella Braverman and Alistair Jack in the Cabinet.

Now, six months into the job and with the Tory party in parliament in a state of comparative calm, Rishi Sunak has used this moment to reward the ranks of Team Sunak and support his premiership with loyalists.

We've been receiving more information on the movements in Rishi Sunak's cabinet, following Raab's resignation.

As we've already reported, Alex Chalk is the new justice secretary, while chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Oliver Dowden has taken over from Raab as deputy PM.

Other ministerial movements in government include:

• James Cartlidge becomes a new junior minister in the Ministry of Defence
• Gareth Davies moves to the Treasury as a junior minister
• Chloe Smith has been appointed Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, filling in for Michelle Donelan who is on maternity leave
• John Whittingdale becomes a minister across both the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, where he will be covering Julia Lopez, who is also going on maternity leave

Here is the government's ministerial appointments announcement, external.

Image source, PA Media

As we've just heard, Oliver Dowden is taking over the role of deputy prime minister, replacing Dominic Raab.

He's a close political ally of the prime minister - as you'd expect being appointed deputy - but who is he?

• Dowden has been Conservative MP for the Hertfordshire seat of Hertsmere since 2015 and has held several senior positions in government
• He's been paymaster general, the secretary of state for digital, culture media and sport, as well as a minister without portfolio
• A close political ally of the prime minister, Dowden was appointed chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in October 2022
• Before being elected to office he was deputy chief of staff to then-prime minister David Cameron, and according to local media reports at the time he beat current PM Rishi Sunak to be the Conservative candidate for Hertsmere in the 2015 election

Oliver Dowden has just been announced as deputy prime minister, replacing Dominic Raab. But what does the role entail?

For starters, there is no requirement for the prime minister to choose a deputy.

And UK prime ministers do not have an official deputy, like the US vice president for example.

But occasionally they give the title to a cabinet colleague or an ally to act as an informal deputy.

The concept is relatively new, with Labour leader Clement Attlee becoming the first to hold the title as part of the wartime coalition in 1942.

Since then, there have been eight MPs who served as deputy prime minister, and there have been long periods without anyone in the role.

The importance of the deputy prime minister varies based on government circumstances. During the Conservative Liberal Democrat coalition, Nick Clegg was powerful due to his seniority as the Liberal Democrats' representative. In non-coalition times, the strength of the role depends on the relationship with the prime minister.

Image source, PA Media

Oliver Dowden has been appointed deputy prime minister, Downing Street confirms.

He will also remain the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

Image source, Getty Images

Alex Chalk has been confirmed as the new justice secretary to replace Dominic Raab, but who is he?

Chalk is the Conservative MP for Cheltenham, a seat he has held since 2015.

Since October last year he has been minister of state for defence procurement and before that he prisons minister.

Before becoming an MP, Chalk worked as a barrister specialising in counter-terrorism, homicide and serious fraud cases.

He also briefly served as speechwriter for former Conservative leader William Hague when he was leader of the opposition.

Chalk is a former Winchester College pupil, the same independent boarding school Rishi Sunak attended.

Image source, Reuters

Alex Chalk has been appointed as the new justice secretary, Downing Street confirms.

He replaces Dominic Raab, who resigned from the post earlier.

Chalk, who is MP for Cheltenham, had previously served as a junior minister at the Ministry of Defence.

Image source, Reuters

It's been a pretty whirlwind morning, so let's make it simple and recap the day - in less than 100 words:

• Dominic Raab resigned from government after an inquiry found he had bullied officials

• The report was published, saying he had "humiliated staff" and acted in an "intimidating" and "insulting" manner
• Raab hit out at the "flawed" inquiry, saying the process had been unfair

• Rishi Sunak said Raab had "rightly" resigned but there were "shortcomings" in the inquiry's process
• Labour's Starmer said Raab needed to stop "whining" while there's a cost-of-living crisis going on
• One of Raab's former colleagues said they felt "huge relief" after the report was published

David Wallace Lockhart
Political correspondent

The prime minister's spokesman says Rishi Sunak has asked the cabinet office to look at "how we can better learn to handle some of the issues that this report's raised".

He says this is around "how concerns about working practices are raised in a timely manner and how they are dealt with".

The spokesman said this was in the interests of both civil servants and ministers.

We're now getting some lines from what's called "the lobby", where political journalists get to put their questions to 10 Downing Street's communications' team.

The PM's spokesman tells reporters that Rishi Sunak "thinks it's right that any findings whatsoever that are deemed to be bullying, it's right to resign".

He adds: "That's the commitment the former secretary of state made and he's upheld that commitment."

On whether Sunak would condemn the behaviour, the spokesman says: "Clearly, any bullying in general terms is unacceptable and there are clear rules that apply to that."

Raab said that there was "cultural resistance" from civil servants to some of his policies, the report says, including his proposed plans on the Bill of Rights and the parole system.

“This perception was regarded by the civil servants concerned as highly contentious and was emphatically rejected by many,” Tolley writes.

In one instance, a colleague felt the cultural resistance remark had been “directed personally and unfairly at him” and “was insulted by it.”

“I do not find that [Raab] intended his comment personally, but it was reasonably interpreted in that way,” Tolley writes.

The lawyer who led the investigation - Adam Tolley KC - writes that Raab "has strong principles and is guided by them in practice."

"The DPM’s style is, in his own words, inquisitorial, direct, impatient and fastidious."

He is said to work a seven-day week, working "assiduously and typically from about 0730 until about 2200, Monday to Thursday."

Friday he dedicates to constituency work, and he regularly works on weekends, he adds.