Russia hacking claims pose challenge for Biden

In Geneva last month, US President Joe Biden tried to set some ground rules for his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin.

He said cyber attacks on critical infrastructure were "off limits".

"I looked at him and said how would you feel if ransomware took on the pipelines from your oil fields? He said it would matter," Mr Biden said,

He went on to say that if Russia violated these "basic norms" the US would retaliate.

The events of the last few days will test that claim.

On Monday, Bloomberg reported that Synnex, a third-party provider used by the Republican National Committee (RNC), had been breached last week.

In a statement, the RNC Chief of Staff Richard Walters said he did not believe the hackers had infiltrated its systems.

The "supply chain" hack (where a company that provides IT functions to many other companies is hacked) followed another large-scale attack that was revealed on Friday.

Ransom demands

This time ransomware was used to infiltrate IT company Kaseya and its clients. Early estimates suggests that hundreds of businesses had their data scrambled in the hack.

The attacks were different in style, but shared one crucial similarity. They were both linked to Russia.

REvil, a prolific, Russia-linked cybercrime syndicate, took credit for the attack revealed on Friday.

The hackers demanded $70 million to restore the affected businesses' data.

The attempted hack on the RNC was reportedly undertaken by a group known as Cozy Bear. If that name sounds familiar, it's because they were accused of breaching the Democratic National Committee in 2016.

They've also been linked to the huge SolarWinds hack that infiltrated a slew of government agencies - revealed in December.

On Tuesday Joe Biden told reporters that the Kaseya attack "appears to have caused minimal damage to US businesses, but we're still gathering information".

"I feel good about our ability to be able to respond," he says.

Retaliation

Some analysts differentiate between the two attacks.

Dmitri Alperovitch, a cyber security expert and chairman of the Silverado Policy Accelerator, believes the attack aimed at the RNC is conventional spying.

"This looks very much like traditional espionage, which we're never going to stop. Nor is it in our interest to stop it, because we want to conduct espionage against Russia and China."

However, Alperovitch believes that REvil's attack on Kaseya - an attack that has hurt many businesses in America - is a different story.

"It's disruptive in nature. Small businesses all over the country are struggling right now. We can't tolerate that", he says.

If Joe Biden wants to retaliate, he has a number of options.

Target REvil

Sanctions are the traditional way that the US has looked to hurt Russia.

However there are other options President Biden could go for. Firstly, he could look to target REvil themselves.

Last year the Washington Post reported that US Cyber Command launched a campaign to disrupt Trickbot, described as the world's largest botnet, to mitigate its potential interference in the presidential election.

"Ultimately, what works is taking these actors off the battlefield. And you can only accomplish that through law enforcement action. In this particular case through Russian law enforcement action", says Alperovitch.

This would be the president's preferred option - to convince Mr Putin that it is in his interest to close down ransomware groups. However, Mr Biden may feel the time for words has come and gone.

By laying down the law in Geneva so clearly, Joe Biden may now feel he has to act.

Certainly, just like the US military, the US president has a cyber operation that can more than hold its own in a fight.

The question now is to what extent Mr Biden chooses to use it.

James Clayton is the BBC's North America technology reporter based in San Francisco. Follow him on Twitter @jamesclayton5.