Coronavirus: Test and trace system kicks off in England and Scotland

Thousands of contact tracers are making their first phone calls to track down people who will be told to self-isolate under new test and trace schemes being launched in England and Scotland.

Tracers will text, email or call people who test positive with coronavirus and ask who they have had contact with.

Any of those contacts deemed at risk of infection will be told to isolate for 14 days, even if they are not sick.

Those who have already had the virus will also be asked to self-isolate.

The aim of the system is to lift blanket lockdown restrictions and move towards more localised, targeted measures.

Health Secretary Matt Hancock said he was confident that the "vast majority of people" would participate in the voluntary system.

"In this war on the virus, ultimately we are all on the same side and we've all got a part that we can play," he said.

The launch came as it was announced that some restrictions are to be eased in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

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The 25,000 tracers working for England's NHS Test and Trace team started by contacting the 2,013 people who tested positive for the virus on Wednesday.

However, shortly after launching, some tracers said they were struggling to access the system.

In a statement, the Department of Health insisted it had not crashed, adding: "Some staff did initially encounter issues logging on to their systems and these are rapidly being resolved."

Trish Mannes, who leads a team of tracing specialists for Public Health England in the South East, told the BBC there had been a "technical glitch" but that overall the "system seems to be working well".

She compared the contact tracing process to "detective work", using both "technical knowledge" and "people skills".

"The things that are important to me are empathy and ability to speak to people and get a rapport - remember we're asking people for a lot of detailed information, it takes time to get that information," she said.

Two MPs said they were told England's system would not be fully operational "at local level" until the end of June.

Labour's Ben Bradshaw and Lib Dem Daisy Cooper both tweeted after a call with Baroness Dido Harding, the chairwoman of NHS Test and Trace.

Downing Street said the test and trace system would "improve" over time but rejected suggestions the scheme had been launched early.

But Chris Hopson, chief executive of NHS Providers, said hospital trust leaders were questioning the risk being run by easing the lockdown without having local systems in place.

He also said it was "never going to be the case" that the UK would have a "world-class" test and trace system in place by June - in reference to a previous pledge made by Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

Mr Hopson said while work was progressing "at pace", the UK was "weeks behind where we really ought to be".

An app to automatically alert people they have been in contact with someone who has tested positive is still being trialled on the Isle of Wight but the government hopes to have that system up-and-running in England "in the coming weeks".

The launch of Scotland's new Test and Protect system comes as First Minister Nicola Sturgeon announced people from two different households will be able to meet outdoors from Friday.

Northern Ireland has its own version of the test and trace programme already.

Wales' scheme is due to start in early June.

Meanwhile, a further 377 people have died with coronavirus across all settings in the UK, daily figures released on Thursday showed.

The total number of deaths in and outside of hospitals is now 37,837, the Department of Health said.

What will I have to do now?

Anyone who develops symptoms of coronavirus - a persistent cough, fever or a sudden loss of taste or sense of smell - has to isolate for seven days and the rest of their household for 14 days. This is in keeping with rules already in place.

But from now on, everyone with symptoms should ask for a test online or phone to arrange a test by calling 119.

If the test comes back negative, everyone in the household can go back to normal. But if the test comes back positive, the contact tracing team or local public health teams will get in touch - via text, email or phone call - to discuss whom the person has come into close contact with and places they have visited.

Any of those contacts deemed at risk of catching the virus will be emailed or texted with instructions to go into isolation for 14 days, whether they are sick or not.

They will be tested only if they develop symptoms. The rest of their household does not have to isolate, unless someone becomes ill.

Mr Hancock said people would have to self-isolate on more than one occasion if told to do so by the NHS.

Those who have already had the virus must also self-isolate, as it is not known whether they can still transmit it.

What is a close contact?

Only people who have been "close" to an infected person will be contacted by tracers.

Close contacts are:

• people you spend 15 minutes or more with at a distance of less than 2m

• people you have direct contact with - such as sexual partners, household members or people with whom you have had face-to-face conversations at a distance of less than 1m

The contact must have taken place between two days before and up to seven days after symptoms appeared.

Do I have to do as I'm told?

Health Secretary Matt Hancock said in the daily coronavirus briefing on Wednesday that it is the public's "civic duty" to follow the instructions of the NHS Test and Trace team.

"This will be voluntary at first because we trust everyone to do the right thing. But we can quickly make it mandatory if that's what it takes," he added.

Scientists, including those advising the government, have warned that it will be harder to get public support for such measures in the wake of the row over the prime minister's chief adviser, Dominic Cummings.

Mr Cummings was accused of breaking lockdown rules after driving 260 miles from London to County Durham because, he said, he was concerned about childcare for his son when his wife became ill.

What about work?

Those instructed to self-isolate will be eligible for statutory sick pay - £95.85 per week - but there are fears that many workers will not be able to live on that amount and will be forced to keep working.

Shadow health secretary Jonathan Ashworth urged the government to introduce "enhanced" sick pay, saying: "There will be people whose work conditions and employment conditions make [self-isolating] difficult for them so they need that security."

TUC general secretary Frances O'Grady called on the government to extend sick pay to everyone and raise it to the "real living wage" - £260 per week.

She said the entire test and trace system would be "undermined" if workers were "pushed into hardship" when they were required to self-isolate.

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Will it work?

The success of the scheme will depend on how quickly contacts can be found and whether members of the public follow instructions, a report published by the Royal Society said.

It concluded that between 5% and 15% of infections could be prevented. But the 15% figure depends on finding contacts within three days and 80% of people reporting their symptoms or going into isolation when asked. By comparison, isolating cases and quarantining members of their household is thought to cut infections by 50%.

Prof Anne Johnson, one of the report's authors, said the system "is an important part in bringing the pandemic under control, but we're very clear it is not a magic bullet".

The national coordinator of NHS Test and Trace said the system requires rapid testing in order to be successful.

However, after the prime minister said on Wednesday there was now a target to get test results in less than 24 hours, Prof John Newton added it would be "very difficult" to get home testing kit results in less than 48 hours.

What will the system achieve?

At the moment coronavirus is being suppressed by lockdown restrictions applied across the whole of society.

Baroness Harding said the scheme was designed to allow national lockdown restrictions to be "traded" with individual isolation - allowing "the vast majority to get on with their lives in a much more normal way".

Test and trace will also give far more detail on how and where the virus is spreading. Mr Hancock said this information could lead to local lockdowns to tackle flare-ups.

Baroness Harding said data from an NHS contact tracing app being piloted on the Isle of Wight - which is not yet ready to be rolled out more widely - suggests people have been within 2m of fewer than five others for more than 15 minutes.

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