Covid: England's regional tiers to be set out

Woman walks past Christmas shop displayPA Media

Most of England is expected to be placed in the two toughest tiers of coronavirus restrictions when the national lockdown ends next Wednesday.

Health Secretary Matt Hancock will set out the plans in the Commons later.

BBC political editor Laura Kuenssberg said she understood only a "handful" of areas would have the lowest level of restrictions, tier one.

Most areas, including London, would be in tier two with "significant numbers" in tier three - the highest level.

Differences between the tiers include limits on where households can meet up - for instance, in the new tier one, the rule of six applies indoors and out. In tier two, the rule of six remains outdoors but there is no household mixing indoors.

Chancellor Rishi Sunak told BBC Breakfast the new tiers represent a "tangible change compared to the last four weeks" of lockdown in England.

"There are significant differences to that - more of our life can resume, more of our economic activity can resume," he said.

The system will be regularly reviewed and an area's tier level may change before Christmas - the first review is scheduled for 16 December.

Decisions on tiers are based on public health recommendations informed by the following factors:

  • Case detection rate - in all age groups and, in particular, the over-60s

  • How quickly case rates are rising or falling

  • Positivity in the general population

  • Pressure on the NHS - including current and projected NHS capacity

  • Local context and exceptional circumstances, such as a local but contained outbreak

An area could be moved up a tier if these indicators are not improving, and likewise down to a lower one if they improve.

Mr Sunak said a meeting of the Cabinet would consider the new tiers on Thursday morning, before Mr Hancock addresses the Commons.

The final decisions will be made by Prime Minister Boris Johnson, the government said. He will lead a Downing Street news conference later.

The new system will be stricter than the previous one and more local authorities will be in higher tiers.

Mr Hancock has urged people to follow the rules so "together we can get out of these tough measures".

"I know for those of you faced with tier three restrictions this will be a particularly difficult time but I want to reassure you that we'll be supporting your areas with mass community testing and extra funding," he said.

Areas placed in tier three will be eligible for rapid or "lateral flow" tests - which give results in about 20 minutes without the need for a lab - to help bring down infections and reduce restrictions.

And they will be offered support by NHS Test and Trace and the armed forces to deliver a six-week rapid community testing programme.

Tier allocations will be reviewed for the first time by 16 December, allowing for "the possibility of areas which continue to make progress in slowing the spread of the disease" to be moved down a tier before Christmas, the government said.

On Wednesday, the government recorded another 696 UK deaths within 28 days of a positive Covid test, the highest daily figure reported since 5 May. Total deaths now stand at 56,533.

A further 18,213 lab-confirmed cases of coronavirus were also reported.

A beefed-up system

It is clear the government is taking a tougher approach to regional tiers post lockdown.

Not only has it beefed up the system - the top two tiers in particular have stricter rules for hospitality - but very few local authority areas will end up in the bottom tier with the most relaxed restrictions.

By the time England went into lockdown 170 local authority areas - well over half - were still in tier one, meaning mixing indoors was allowed.

Very few will start there this time.

That's because an analysis by the University of East Anglia found the bottom tier was not effective at suppressing the virus.

But it did find the top two tiers had an impact.

One of the problems, it said, was that the government was too slow to move areas up a tier when infection rates started to rise.

The government will be much more cautious this time, starting from the premise that it is better to have areas in higher tiers and move them down over time rather than the reverse.

But for the public it means post-lockdown life will still see some very strict restrictions for the immediate future.

London Mayor Sadiq Khan said it would be the "right and sensible decision" for the capital to be placed in tier two, as he warned that tier three would be a "hammer blow" to businesses.

Liverpool City Region Mayor Steve Rotheram said he hoped the area - which was the first area of England to enter the highest tier in October - would not return to tier three restrictions.

He said the city region had made "remarkable" progress since being put into tier three, with infection rates in two areas dropping from about 750 per 100,000 people "to 180 across the city region".

Mayor of Liverpool Joe Anderson told BBC Radio 4's Today programme the city's mass testing programme had enabled it to reduce infections.

He said the armed forces have been in the city for three weeks carrying out mass testing and bringing the virus "back under control again".

Meanwhile, Greater Manchester Mayor Andy Burnham said it was "more likely than not" his area would be put into tier three.

He said although infection numbers in Greater Manchester were still high, the rates were falling.

Elsewhere, Lancashire's council leaders have submitted a proposal to the government to divide the county into two different tiers when the lockdown ends next week - as coronavirus rates are lower in places like Lancaster and Wyre than they are in East Lancashire.

A request has been made for Hyndburn, Rossendale, Burnley, Pendle and Preston to go into tier three restrictions while Fylde, Wyre, Lancaster, Chorley, South Ribble, Ribble Valley and West Lancashire would go into tier two.

This would mean there would be different restrictions on socialising and the hospitality sector in different parts of Lancashire.

Laura Foster explains the new three tier system for England

Meanwhile, the Nightingale Hospital in Exeter will receive its first coronavirus patients on Thursday, officials have confirmed.

The 116-bed hospital built on the site of a former retail unit will treat people with Covid-19, taking patients transferred from the Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust as it is "very busy".

Devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have the power to set their own coronavirus regulations, though all four UK nations have agreed a joint plan for Christmas.

In Scotland, there is a new five-tier system of restrictions and all non-essential travel between Scotland and the rest of the UK is not allowed.

The Scottish government has also said that Christmas bubbles of three households there should contain no more than eight people. Children under 12 are not counted towards the eight.

In Wales, lockdown restrictions were eased on 9 November and current rules allow two households to form a bubble with up to 15 people able to meet for organised indoor activities.

And Northern Ireland will go into a two-week circuit-break lockdown from 00:00 GMT on Friday 27 November.

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