Map: Who's making the most out of parking?

A survey of English councils has revealed that some are continuing to make huge cash surpluses from parking charges.

The study for the RAC foundation is based on annual returns to the Department for Communities and Local Government, and includes revenue from on-street parking permits, off-street charges and parking penalties for 2012-2013.

These are offset against the cost of running parking operations, leaving some councils with a deficit.

Not all councils made a large surplus, but only 15% reported a deficit.