Marine energy: Wales urged to be 'world leader'

There has been an increase of £27.5m in investment in marine projects in Wales over the past year

Wales could be a world leader in marine energy and should make the industry a priority, a former energy minister has said.

Lord Peter Hain, who served under Tony Blair in 2001, said there was "massive untapped potential" around the Welsh coast.

He urged a mix of Welsh government and private investment to drive it forward.

A new industry report has identified 16 marine energy developers, with the hope of 3,000 jobs over the next 10 years.

The projects include a new £590m lagoon announced for Flintshire.

What is going on around Wales?

The Dragon Island project in Swansea Bay was put forward last year

Swansea Bay

Tidal Lagoon Power has not given up hope for its £1.3bn project in Swansea Bay, despite the UK government saying it was not value for money.

Swansea Bay City Region has plans for a Dragon Island energy island, with underwater and solar power.

Dragon Island hopes to be financially sustainable by persuading big customers, such as local authorities or universities, to pledge to buy decades of electricity up front.

Bombora's £17m project is well advanced

One of the 15m cell modules being transported through Pembroke Dock which will form part of the full-scale megawatt mWave demonstration device

Pembroke Dock

Outside a hanger by the water's edge at Pembroke Dock, huge steel structures are waiting to be part of a new structure to be placed on the seabed next spring.

Bombora moved its operations from Australia to Wales in 2017 to and is now in the final stages of its £17m project to harness wave energy.

Its 1.5 megawatt (MW) mWave technology, a "low impact" renewable wave energy converter, will sit 11m below the surface of the sea off East Pickard Bay near Freshwater West.

"It sits on the sea bed, completely invisible when you are on the beach or the coast. As waves go overhead, membranes move up and down pushing air through the device, through a turbine that generates electricity," said Madeline Cowley of Bombora.

"We are halfway through construction. The project will be ready to go next year."

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The company plans to export the knowledge its developed in Wales to marine projects across the world, adding to the 26 local jobs it has already created. It is also developing a project in Lanzarote.

It said it would need either a subsidy for the electricity or public money for the next stage of its project.

Holyhead

Minesto has developed the first of its type of energy generation in the world on Anglesey, where the firm has testing its technology in the sea.

Five years in the making, it works like an underwater kite and is now being deployed off the Faroe Islands.

The company has 80MW plans but believes with the Irish Sea, there are gigawatts worth of energy potential if the conditions are right.

Despite the imminent recession, development manager Osian Roberts believes the project is feasible as "climate change does not stand still" and the firm would look to both the UK and Welsh governments for any revenue support for "emerging technologies such as ourselves".

He added: "Fossil fuel has to stop. Going into renewable energy, I think for people's conscience, it is really important and for the world it is really important".

Artist impression of the Mostyn lagoon

Mostyn, Flintshire

• Mostyn Seapower plans a £590m lagoon built of boulders and aggregates over four miles (6.5km)

• A 7.5-mile (12.2km) enclosed area with eight turbines operating on tidal variation in Dee Estuary

• Flood protection for low-lying land, covering A548 coast road and main Crewe to Holyhead railway

• Aims to produce 298 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity a year - one GWh is enough to power about one million homes for one hour

Jim O'Toole, managing director of Port of Mostyn, said building will not start until 2023 and the site should be producing electricity by late-2027.

"We think the small scale makes it an ideal pathfinder that other turbine manufacturers and projects can learn from and that will benefit all technology in Wales," he added.

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Marine Energy Wales says a total of 16 developers are actively progressing projects in Wales

What are the economic arguments?

There are two wave and tidal stream demonstration zones, seabed agreements in place for three separate wave and tidal stream projects and a number of proposals for significant tidal range projects.

Industry body Marine Energy Wales - in its latest report out on Thursday - said there had been an increase of £27.5m in investment in projects in Wales over the past year and thinks the sector could have an export market worth an estimated £76bn by 2050.

Jessica Hooper, programme manager at Marine Energy Wales, said it showed the positive impact marine energy was having "particularly in coastal regions such as Anglesey and Pembrokeshire that are most in need of economic regeneration".

Like most new technologies though, it is the development stage that is particularly expensive.

Onshore and offshore wind needed substantial subsidies initially but are now considered to produce electricity relatively cheaply.

Most energy projects have to agree a guaranteed price - or strike price - for the electricity they generate. This acts as a subsidy in the expensive early days, topping up the market price, but as the technology develops and the price tends to fall, subsidies are no longer needed.

But Michelle Davies, head of clean energy and sustainability at lawyers Evershed Sutherland, said the economic climate was a barrier.

"Banks and funds are telling UK government that they will not be able to fund the energy transition, or if they do so, it will be prohibitively expensive due to the dynamics of the UK market."

Meanwhile, the price of energy has fallen because of the economic impact of coronavirus.

Ms Davies added: "Green growth and the energy transition is a huge opportunity in the UK but it won't happen at scale without first an understanding by government of the dynamics of the market and secondly, according to an overwhelming majority of those funding and financing the energy transition who responded to our survey, government helping with the solution."

Lord Hain has been a big backer of tidal energy and even quit his role as shadow Welsh secretary in 2012 to throw his weight behind a Severn barrage.

He said there was a "vast untapped potential" for Wales to be a "world leader" in the technology.

"Other governments across the world have chosen particular technologies, particular industries, and invested in them. And that means Welsh government investment as well as private investment to really drive this forward.

"Unless you have a combination of business and government working together to harness this huge energy resource, it's not going to develop. If that happens, it could be fantastic."

Asked about timing, with the economy facing recession, he said: "This is not a time to sit back and wait for a few years to come, when the economy picks up again, this is to make sure the economy picks up soon by investing now."

Welsh Energy Minister Lesley Griffiths said she considered marine and offshore renewable energy would play a "fundamental part" in building the future in the recovery from the pandemic.

"I have written urging the UK government to work with the devolved nations to ensure their financial support mechanisms for energy deliver for the whole of the UK," she added.

Secretary of State for Wales Simon Hart said: "Renewable energy projects in Wales will play a vital role in the UK government's work to reach our aim of net-zero emissions by 2050.

"The UK is a leader in technologies that harness the clean, natural energy of our tides and offshore wind. The development of these projects in Welsh waters could create hundreds of sustainable jobs and accelerate the shift to clean growth.

"We will continue to examine cost-effective projects in Wales which will reduce costs for consumers, minimise environmental impacts and create green jobs."