Barack Obama: How will Africa remember him?

Obama visited Africa more times than any other US president

As Barack Obama steps down as US president, the BBC's Nancy Kacungira looks back at his legacy in Africa.

The election of the first African-American US president led many Africans to believe that the continent might gain more prominence in US foreign policy.

While some high expectations remain unfulfilled, Mr Obama's eight years in office initiated a pivot to US-Africa policy, a little further away from aid and closer towards business.

An art studio in Kenya's capital, Nairobi offers a glimpse of the Obamamania that swept across Africa when the "son of the soil" became president.

Yegonizer, an artist, says his portraits of Mr Obama have sold well because "generally he's loved by many people, so quite a number of people who walk in are interested in the paintings".

He is now trying to move on to the President-elect Donald Trump, but with little success so far.

Paintings of Obama are hugely popular in Kenya - those of his successor might be less so

After his win in 2008, Mr Obama's portrait was painted on walls, buses and T-shirts across Africa. Restaurants, schools and even children were named after him.

During his two terms he went to seven countries in the four visits he made to Africa - more than any other US president.

He also became the first sitting American president to visit Kenya and Ethiopia.

His administration increased military support to Somalia, Cameroon and Chad to fight al-Shabab and Boko Haram respectively, and established military outposts in more than 10 African countries.

But it is America's intervention in Libya that attracted the most attention - and criticism, for leaving the country deeply unstable.

Mr Obama himself said that the aftermath of intervention in Libya was his "biggest foreign policy regret".

In a town hall meeting in 2016 he confessed: "I did a little too much counting on other countries to then stabilise and help support government formation, and now it's kind of a mess."

Africa is open for business

"Trade not aid" was the cornerstone of US policy for Africa under Mr Obama, a point he emphasised in an interview with the BBC in 2015 saying:

"People are not interested in just being patrons or being patronised and being given aid - they're interested in building capacity".

Barack Obama's presidency may not have been what many in Africa hoped for, but its symbolism remains strong

Perhaps in keeping with this sentiment, the $8bn (£6bn) of aid that the US spent in sub-Saharan Africa in 2015 is relatively small compared to other countries.

Afghanistan ($5.5 billion) and Israel ($3.1 billion) together received more aid from America than the 42 African countries south of the Sahara.

Lighting Africa project

In 2013 President Obama launched the Power Africa initiative, to try to double access to electricity across sub-Saharan Africa using renewable sources.

Renewal energy entrepreneurs exhibited at a US-led business summit in Nairobi

The target is to add 30,000 megawatts by 2030. The project has only generated 2,000 megawatts so far, but energy businesses operating in Africa say the programme has boosted investor confidence.

Its future under a new administration is in some doubt.

In an apparent reference to the project, incoming President Trump tweeted his disapproval, saying: "Every penny of the $7 billion going to Africa as per Obama will be stolen — corruption is rampant!"

Young leaders project

One of Mr Obama's biggest commitments on the continent was to its future leaders.

In 2010, he launched the Young African Leaders Initiative (Yali) to help youths on the continent prepare for leadership positions by providing training, networking, and skills building opportunities.

Mr Obama's legacy will live on in young African leaders

More than 250,000 people have since joined the network.

At a Yali programme graduation ceremony in Nairobi, the mood is optimistic that even as Mr Obama leaves office, his legacy will live on.

One of the graduates, Jerono Odhiambo says: "I feel like we'll be saying thanks to Obama even after he's left because he provided us with this network, and now he's telling us to do what he did - and we're inspired by that."

'Up to Africans'

Farhan Yusuf, a programme fellow from Tanzania adds: "Yali has shown a lot of impact in terms of the stories that are being shared, and the networks that are being generated - the message here, the impact here is much bigger than any individual".

Kenyan entrepreneur Eric Muthomi is also a beneficiary of the US president's leadership initiative.

Eric Muthomi grew his business after the leadership training

He says the training he got at a US college thanks to Yali has had a tremendous impact on his business, which manufactures nutritious flours.

"We have raised over $100,000 purely from the support of Yali, and we've been able to grow the business close to 10 times since I joined Yali in 2014."

Entrepreneurship, trade and investment were central to Mr Obama's expansion of US-Africa policy beyond foreign assistance and counter-terrorism.

However, much of the impact of his long-term initiatives will be subject to the policy orientation of the Trump administration.

The substance of Mr Obama's presidency may not have been what many in Africa had hoped for, but its symbolism remains strong.

In assessing his relationship with the continent as the president of the United States, the instruction he offered in Ghana in 2009 should be well considered - that "we must start from the simple premise that Africa's future is up to Africans."