Yellow vest protests: Macron hosts crisis meeting

Saturday's protesters left graffiti in parts of Paris - this reads: "Burn the Elysée", referring to the presidential palace

French President Emmanuel Macron is meeting trade unions and employers' organisations, in a bid to defuse weeks of unrest in Paris and other cities.

The meeting comes ahead of a TV address in which he is expected to announce measures in response.

France has seen four weekends of violent protests against fuel tax rises, living costs and other issues.

About 136,000 "yellow-vest" protesters took to the streets on Saturday. More than 1,200 were taken into custody.

The capital, Paris, was particularly badly hit, with windows smashed, cars burned and shops looted, as 10,000 people took part in demonstrations.

Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire described the situation as a "catastrophe for businesses" and the economy.

On Monday, the Bank of France said the economy would grow only 0.2% in the last quarter of 2018, down from an earlier estimate of 0.4%, as a result of the protests.

• In pictures: France's latest protests

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Protesters have staged demonstrations and road blocks across the country over the past four weekends.

'Macron faces massive challenge'

Analysis by the BBC's Hugh Schofield, in Paris

The moment must be distressing for President Macron. He is a man who has spent his life receiving nothing but praise and plaudits. He was the princeling prodigy, who would use his exceptional personal gifts to save France.

How must it feel now to know there are crowds baying for your head, or to see graffiti on Paris walls saying "Hang the King."

He will need every ounce of his massive self-belief to turn this crisis into something less than a full-blown disaster. He must know that his address on TV will have to contain real, fast-acting measures to put money in protesters' pockets. "Let them eat a deferred rise in fuel-tax," is no longer going to work.

But how to do that without unsaying everything he has said about keeping down state spending and staying the course? His famous "au même temps" (at the same time) catchphrase - which lets him pretend that everything and its opposite is possible as long as you say it charmingly enough - is being stretched to breaking point.

What is President Macron planning to do?

Mr Macron was meeting representatives of five major trade unions and three employers' organisations, as well as local officials.

Correspondents say that the yellow vests are an organic grassroots movement with no affiliations to any party, but some trade unions have taken up their cause and encouraged the government to listen to their grievances.

Le Figaro newspaper reported that Prime Minister Édouard Philippe and nine government ministers were expected to be present at Mr Macron's meeting.

Mr Macron will then address the nation at 20:00 local time (19:00 GMT).

Labour Minister Muriel Penicaud said he would announce "immediate and concrete measures" in response to the crisis.

Mr Macron has kept a low profile so far during the protests. Many of the protesters have called for his resignation.

He has been criticised for being out of touch and not listening to the struggles of ordinary people.

Last week, following talks with representatives of the yellow-vest movement, the government announced it was abandoning the fuel taxes that have angered the protesters.

But this failed to placate them and on Saturday they turned out in similar numbers to last week's demonstration.

What is the yellow-vest movement?

The protesters adopted the name after a social-media campaign urging people to take to the streets wearing the high-visibility yellow jackets that must be carried in every vehicle in France.

They were initially protesting against a rise in duties on diesel, which is widely used by French motorists and has long been less heavily taxed than other types of fuel.

About 50 vehicles were set on fire during last Saturday's protests

Diesel prices have risen by about 23% over the past 12 months - and Mr Macron's decision to impose a tax increase of 6.5 cents on diesel and 2.9 cents on petrol from 1 January angered many, particularly in rural areas.

Mr Macron had said higher taxes on fossil fuels were needed to fund renewable energy investments.

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• Will the environment be the true victim of France's riots?

• Who supports the protesters?

But protests have also erupted over other issues, including calls for higher wages, lower taxes, better pensions and easier university entry requirements.

The movement's core aim, to highlight the economic frustration and political distrust of poorer working families, still has widespread support.

An opinion poll on Friday suggested a dip in support for the protests, but it still stood at 66%.

Meanwhile, President Macron's ratings have fallen to 23% amid the crisis, an Elabe poll suggests.

Protest timeline

• 17 November: 282,000 protesters - one dead, 409 wounded - 73 in custody

• 24 November: 166,000 protesters - 84 wounded - 307 in custody

• 1 December: 136,000 protesters - one dead, 263 wounded - 630 in custody

• 8 December: 136,000 protesters - 118 wounded - 1,220 in custody