Barbados country profile
- Published
Barbados is one of the more populous and prosperous Caribbean islands. Political, economic and social stability have given it a relatively high standard of living.
Known for its beaches and cricket - its national sport - the former British colony has a dual heritage: English - evident in its stone-built Anglican churches and Saturday race meetings - and African, reflected in its music and dance.
Barbados was in the past heavily dependent on the export of sugar as its main revenue earner, but in recent decades the economy has diversified into tourism and finance. It also has offshore reserves of oil and natural gas.
A former British colony, it became independent in 1966, and a republic in 2021.
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BARBADOS: FACTS
Capital: Bridgetown
Area: 439 sq km
Population: 281,630
Language: English
Life expectancy: 77 years (men) 80 years (women)
LEADERS
President: Sandra Mason
Outgoing governor-general Sandra Mason, the last representative of the British Crown, became the first president of Barbados in November 2021.
She had been chosen by parliament the previous month. Despite deciding to become a republic in 2020, Barbados remains a member of the Commonwealth.
Prime minister: Mia Mottley
Mia Mottley was elected as the country's first female prime minister in May 2018.
Her victory returned the Barbados Labour Party to power for the first time in a decade, having inflicted a crushing defeat on the ruling Democratic Labour Party by winning all the seats in parliament.
MEDIA
Bajan singer Rihanna at the independence day parade in Barbados, in 2021
The media are free of censorship and state control. All newspapers are privately-owned, and there is a mix of private and public radio stations.
The sole TV station is run by the government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation. It carries a wide range of political views.
TIMELINE
The neogothic Parliament Buildings in Bridgetown - completed in 1874 - draped in the national colours to mark independence day
Some key dates from the history of Barbados
1536 - Portuguese explorer Pedro a Campos visits the island.
1627 - Captain Henry Powell lands a party of English settlers who establish a colony, which they then develop as a sugar-plantation economy using slaves brought in from Africa.
1639 - Barbados's first parliament, the House of Assembly, holds its first meeting.
1663 - Barbados is made into an English crown possession.
1816 - Slaves stage a revolt.
1834 - Slavery abolished.
1876 - British proposal for a confederation of Barbados and the Windward Islands triggers bloody riots in Barbados.
1937 - Outbreak of riots in response to poor economic conditions; British Royal Commission sent in to investigate conditions; Barbados Labour Party (BLP) founded by Grantley Adams.
1951 - Universal adult suffrage introduced; BLP wins general elections.
1954 - Ministerial government set up with Grantley Adams as premier.
1958-62 - Barbados becomes a member of the British-sponsored Federation of the West Indies, of which Grantley Adams became the first prime minister.
1961 - Barbados granted full internal self-government with Democratic Labour Party (DLP) leader Errol Barrow as premier.
1966 - Barbados becomes independent with Barrow as prime minister.
1967 - Barbados joins the United Nations.
1972 - Barbados establishes relations with Cuba.
1976 - BLP, led by Tom Adams, the son of Grantley Adams, returns to power after winning the first general elections since 1961.
1983 - Barbados supports and provides a base for the US invasion of Grenada.
1985 - Adams dies and is replaced by Bernard St John (BLP) as prime minister.
1986 - Errol Barrow becomes prime minister after his DLP wins the general elections.
1987 - Erskine Lloyd Sandiford (DLP) becomes prime minister following the death of Barrow.
1994 - Owen Arthur becomes prime minister after his BLP wins a decisive victory in the general elections.
1999 - BLP wins a landslide in the general elections.
2002 - Barbados is removed from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) list of countries deemed to be uncooperative tax havens. The country was put on the list in 2000.
2004 - Sea border disagreement with Trinidad and Tobago flares after arrest of Barbadian fishermen. Barbados takes border case to UN-backed tribunal.
2008 - Parliamentary elections won by opposition Democratic Labour Party. David Thompson becomes prime minister.
2008 - Launch of bid for offshore oil exploration leads to row with Venezuela over demarcation of maritime border.
2009 - PM David Thompson survives no-confidence vote brought over his handling of financial crisis precipitated by collapse of Trinidad-based insurance company Clico - the region's biggest casualty of global financial crisis.
2010 - Prime Minister Thompson dies in office. Freundel Stuart becomes PM.
2014 - The government announces plans to abolish the mandatory death penalty for murder. Executions have not been carried out since 1984.
2015 - Australian mining giant BHP Billiton is granted licences to explore for oil in waters southeast of Barbados.
2015 - Prime Minister Stuart announces plans to remove Queen Elizabeth II as the titular head of state and to make Barbados a republic.
2017 - European Union finance ministers publish a list of seventeen jurisdictions, including Barbados, they accuse of being uncooperative on tax matters.
2021 - Barbados becomes a republic within the Commonwealth.
Formerly dependent on sugar, the economy has diversified into tourism and finance