Venezuela crisis: Maduro loyalists take control of parliament

Jorge Rodríguez (centre) is the speaker of the new National Assembly loyal to Mr Maduro

In Venezuela, a new National Assembly has been sworn in which is dominated by lawmakers from President Nicolás Maduro's United Socialist Party (PSUV).

Until now, the National Assembly had been the only major institution not controlled by the PSUV party.

The coalition led by his party won 256 out of 277 seats in the election held in December, which most opposition candidates boycotted.

The opposition has dismissed the poll as neither free nor fair.

The opposition leader, Juan Guaidó, held his own swearing-in ceremony for MPs from the old congress.

He announced on 26 December that the old assembly would continue meeting and legislating.

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Two presidents

Venezuela has been mired in a political crisis which came to a head in January 2019 when Mr Guaidó declared himself interim president with the backing of the opposition-controlled legislative body.

Juan Guaidó is recognised as interim president by more than 50 countries

Mr Guaidó argued that the 2018 presidential election which had returned Mr Maduro to a second term in office had not been valid as many opposition politicians had been jailed or banned from running for office.

He declared that because Mr Maduro had not been elected fairly, the presidency was therefore vacant. He invoked a clause in the constitution which states that in such cases the leader of the National Assembly (in this case, him) becomes interim president.

Mr Guaidó was recognised as Venezuela's legitimate leader by more than 50 countries, including the US, the UK, the EU parliament and most Latin American nations.

But Mr Maduro remained in control of the security forces, the electoral authorities and much of the judiciary. He also retained the support of Russia and China, two powerful allies.

Attempts by Mr Guaidó to get the security forces to switch sides failed and Mr Maduro remained in control of the country from his office in the presidential palace.

Two parliaments

Nevertheless, the opposition-controlled National Assembly was a thorn in Mr Maduro's side. Under Venezuela's constitution, the government needs the assembly's approval to ratify international treaties and to sign major contracts with foreign companies.

Mr Maduro therefore made regaining control of the National Assembly his government's main priority.

Mr Maduro was keen to regain control of the National Assembly

Most of the opposition decided to boycott the legislative election on 6 December arguing that taking part would give legitimacy to polls which were widely dismissed as neither free nor fair.

Instead, the opposition-controlled National Assembly voted to extend its legislative period "until democracy is restored", arguing that they could not hand over power to lawmakers who they say are not legitimate.

On Tuesday they also held a swearing-in ceremony in a separate location in which they re-elected Mr Guaidó as the Speaker.

Rocky times ahead

As Mr Guaidó was holding his swearing-in ceremony, members of the security forces could be seen outside of the building where he lives, according to a statement published by Mr Guaidó's office.

The rhetoric in both assemblies was combative and confrontational.

Mr Guaidó said that "my first message is to Maduro, and it is that we are here, standing up not just for the need for credible institutions and legitimate dialogue in parliament. We are here, standing up for our people".

While Jorge Rodríguez, who was elected leader of the National Assembly loyal to Mr Maduro, tweeted that "the people" had returned to the National Assembly building to "regain the power that was cruelly stolen from them...we will triumph!"

Members of the socialist party had earlier carried portraits of independence hero Simón Bolívar and late President Hugo Chávez into the National Assembly building.

Mr Rodríguez said that the National Assembly loyal to Mr Maduro would strive to promote "national dialogue" to heal the deep divisions in Venezuela between those who support the Mr Maduro and those who want to see him removed from office.

But while Mr Rodríguez said the two sides should reconcile and that he was willing to "forgive", he warned that there would be no "forgetting". Without giving details, he alleged that "there are crimes which have to be paid".

Many in the opposition fear that in the next weeks, more activists and critics of Mr Maduro could be arrested.

According to pressure group Foro Penal, there are 350 people currently in jail for their political views.

Dozens of opposition politicians, including Mr Guaidó's mentor, Leopoldo López, have fled the country.