Oath Keepers trial: US Capitol riot case goes to jury

The Oath Keepers, led by Stewart Rhodes, have shown up at a number of protests and armed standoffs in the US over the past decade

A jury has begun deliberations in the trial of five people accused of the most serious crimes to date in connection with the 6 January 2021 assault on the US Capitol.

Five members of the far-right Oath Keepers militia, including founder Stewart Rhodes, are in court in Washington.

They are charged with seditious conspiracy and a number of related lesser charges, including obstructing officers and destroying government property.

The main charge of seditious conspiracy is rarely used and is defined in part as conspiring to use force "to prevent, hinder or delay the execution of any law of the United States".

The US Department of Justice has not successfully prosecuted anyone on the charge since a group of Islamic militants were convicted in 1995 of plotting to plant bombs in New York City.

In the current case, prosecutors say the Oath Keepers' actions on 6 January were part of a scheme - prompted by Donald Trump's false claims of a "stolen" election - to prevent Joe Biden from becoming president.

Before closing arguments ended on Monday, the trial faced a number of delays over more than seven weeks, including a proposed witness suffering a heart attack, a surprise decision by one of the defendants to testify and Mr Rhodes coming down with coronavirus.

The defendants were pictured in numerous videos and photos among the throngs of people around the Capitol on 6 January last year. Some of them entered the building. But their lawyers have argued that there was never any concrete plan or conspiracy to storm the building in order to halt certification of the 2020 presidential election.

Prosecutors countered by arguing that they do not need to prove a specific plan to invade the building, only that the defendants agreed among themselves to attempt to halt the peaceful transfer of the presidency.

Oath Keepers were seen at the Capitol attack

The government submitted a huge volume of text and chat app messages sent by the defendants. Some of the most dramatic evidence came from militia insiders and informants.

In one recording made by an informant, Mr Rhodes is heard saying: "We should have brought rifles. We could have fixed it right then and there." He goes on to talk about hanging House Speaker Nancy Pelosi.

The court also heard that the defendants stashed dozens of weapons in a hotel room in Virginia, just across the Potomac River from Washington DC. The city of Washington itself has strict gun laws.

The Oath Keepers referred to the cache as a Quick Reaction Force or QRF and talked about ferrying weapons into the city by car or boat in case of mass disorder. One Oath Keeper testified that it was the biggest cache of weapons he had seen since leaving the US military.

• Who are the Oath Keepers and why are they on trial?

Defence lawyers argued that the fact the weapons were never used or even brought into the city bolsters their argument that the Oath Keepers were on a purely defensive mission, intending to protect protesters and keep the peace inside and outside the Capitol.

Mr Rhodes did not enter the Capitol, but instead stayed outside, taking phone calls and sending messages. He says he was preparing for Mr Trump to invoke the Insurrection Act, a law dating from 1807 that allows the president to deploy troops in the event of civil disorder.

His co-defendants are:

• Thomas Caldwell, a 68-year-old former Navy officer from Virginia. Mr Caldwell took trips into Washington before 6 January and in messages suggested using a boat to ferry weapons into Washington and alluded to political violence. He testified that he was prone to exaggeration and that numerous health problems mean he posed no threat to the US government

Thomas Caldwell was seen outside the Capitol in videos investigators found on his phone and computer

• Kelly Meggs, 53, head of the Florida chapter of the Oath Keepers. He and other Oath Keepers marched up the east steps of the Capitol and through a set of doors. Prosecutors say Mr Meggs wore a patch that said "I don't believe in anything. I'm just here for the violence." A lawyer for Mr Meggs showed video of him leaving the Capitol and argued that he was helping people move away from the building

• Kenneth Harrelson, 41, also from Florida, allegedly roamed the House of Representatives chamber searching for Mrs Pelosi, but did not find her. His lawyer argued that he was only in the building for a brief period and did not get involved in violence

• Jessica Watkins, an Afghanistan war veteran from Ohio. Ms Watkins, a 40-year-old transgender bar owner, decided to testify at the last minute. On the witness stand, she said she regretted entering the Capitol building, and admitted obstructing police officers, which will probably ensure her conviction on lesser charges. But she denied that she was part of any specific plan to halt the transfer of presidential power

A still from a video shot by Jessica Watkins as she marched to the Capitol on 6 January

The jury did not reach a verdict on Tuesday, meaning the outcome of the trial will not be known until next week at the earliest because of the court being closed for the Thanksgiving holiday.

A pro-gun, anti-government group launched by Mr Rhodes in 2009, the Oath Keepers is named after the oath of service that police, military and other officials take. They focused recruitment efforts on people with military and law enforcement experience, along with other first responders.

Over the past decade, members have shown up at a number of protests and armed standoffs across the country.

Another group of Oath Keepers along with members of another far-right group, the Proud Boys, will go on trial on seditious conspiracy charges later this year.