Marita Moloney
Live editor, reporting from Washington DC

Civil is the main word being used to describe the sole vice-presidential debate of this election campaign between Tim Walz and JD Vance.

The BBC's North America correspondent Anthony Zurcher calls the head-to-head a "relatively restrained conversation about issues facing American voters during the 2024 campaign".

• So who won? Anthony Zurcher gives his assessment in his analysis of the night
• If you want even more insight and takeaways, he'll also be delivering a special edition of his weekly US Election Unspun newsletter on Wednesday - sign up here
• Speaking of takeaways, here's a round up of the key moments from the debate
• It's now just over a month to go until the election - find out who's ahead in the polls here

That's it from our teams in New York, Washington DC and Nevada. We'll leave you with our three-minute wrap of the debate below, thanks for joining us.

Madeline Halpert
Reporting from the debate in New York

It was a relatively civil 90 minutes of discussion over immigration, the economy, abortion and other issues as vice-presidential candidates Republican JD Vance and Democrat Tim Walz met for the first and only time on the debate stage.

Here are some of the most memorable moments of the night.

1. Immigration was featured heavily, as Vance frequently brought seemingly unrelated questions back to the issue of the border, viewed as a weak point for Democrats. His mic was eventually muted as he talked over moderators during a fact check.
2. The first question put to the candidates was a topic weighing heavily on many Americans' minds on Tuesday: the escalating conflict in the Middle East.
3. A top issue for voters in the 2024 election sparked one of the longest and most heated debates of the night: abortion rights. Vance told moderators he thinks the issue should be left up to individual states, while Walz said the federal right to abortion should be reinstated.
4. The night of questions forced both candidates to address controversies over claims they have made in the past. Walz was asked about previous statements that he was in Hong Kong when the Tiananmen Square massacre occurred in in Beijing in June 1989. The Minnesota governor admitted that he "misspoke" about the timing of his travels. Vance was asked about his previous attacks on Trump. The Ohio senator said he had been wrong about his previous criticism likening Trump to Hitler.

Does the US have the 'cleanest economy in the entire world'?published at 05:33 British Summer Time 2 October

05:33 BST 2 October

Speaking about climate change earlier during the debate, JD Vance claimed: "We're the cleanest economy in the entire world."

Vance did not specify what measure he was using here but, according to two global rankings of climate change performance, the United States is not the cleanest economy overall.

The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) publishes a ranking of 180 countries every two years based on how they’re doing on environmental policies.

In 2024, the US ranked 34th, external on this list overall.

It ranked 16th in the world for air quality, and 26th for water sanitation.

But on some measures, such as minimising the threats of agriculture to the environment, the US came first.

According to another list, the 2024 Climate Change Performance Index, external (CCPI), the US ranked 57th overall (out of 63 countries and the European Union).

Would tariffs imposed by Trump cost families $4,000?published at 05:27 British Summer Time 2 October

05:27 BST 2 October

Tim Walz said Donald Trump’s policy of imposing tariffs on goods coming in from China would put families “$4,000 in the hole”.

Many economists say that tariffs - taxes on imported goods - do end up increasing prices for consumers, but it’s not guaranteed that they would go up by as much as $4,000 per household under Trump’s plans.

The "almost $4,000" figure comes from analysis by the left-of-centre think tank the Centre for American Progress, external of Trump’s pledge to increase tariffs on all imported goods to 10-20% and all goods imported from China to 60%.

They took the amount the US buys in goods from abroad annually, figured out how much the new taxes on these goods would be and divided this by the number of households in the US.

It works out at $4,600 per household, but when you look at “middle income” families you get a figure of $3,900 a year.

Other estimates are lower. The Peterson Institute reckons the impact, external would be closer to $1,700 a year (for tariffs at 10%) or $2,500 (at 20%) per household.

Trump insists the cost of his tariffs would be felt by foreign countries instead, external.

It is difficult to assess the exact impact of these taxes but studies, on previous tariffs, have suggested that a lot of the economic cost was ultimately borne by American businesses and consumers.

Kayla Epstein
Reporting from the debate in New York

I just talked to DNC chair Jamie Harrison who, as expected, believes Walz had the better performance.

But did it change the dynamics of the race?

“I think we have to continue to do what we what we have been doing,” he says.

“We have the momentum in this race. We understand that. You know, we still may be the underdogs, but we're moving ahead, we're going all over this country.”

Anthony Zurcher
BBC North America correspondent, reporting from the debate in New York

Image source, Anthony Zurcher / BBC

Congresswoman Jasmine Crockett, who earlier this year had a feisty exchange with Republican Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene, said she was surprised by the friendly tenor of tonight’s debate.

“I thought Walz was going to punch a lot more, but either way he got his point across,” she says.

Kayla Epstein
Reporting from the debate in New York

Image source, Kayla Epstein / BBC

Donald Trump Jr is spinning for JD Vance tonight after the debate here in New York.

He was a major backer of Vance joining his father on the Republican ticket. He said Vance made a case on "the Biden policies that have failed America for the last three and a half years."

Image source, Reuters

A snap poll immediately following the vice-presidential debate shows a group of more than 1,500 voters were basically evenly split on who won tonight's debate, with JD Vance coming out on top by one percentage point.

The poll by CBS and YouGov surveyed 1,630 likely voters, with 42% thinking Vance won compared to 41% who believed Walz came out on top.

Another 17% thought tonight's debate was a tie. Overwhelmingly respondents also thought the tone of the debate was positive (88%) and that both candidates sounded reasonable (74% for Walz and 65% for Vance).

On specific issues, respondents thought Walz won on the issues of abortion (62%) and healthcare (59%) and Vance won on immigration (52%) and the economy (51%).

We've just heard from family of Amber Thurman, one of two women who were named in a pair of ProPublica reports, external that found their deaths were connected to Georgia's abortion ban.

Walz cited her story tonight, saying Thurman should still be here, and calling for the reinstatement of Roe v Wade, the case that guaranteed the national right to an abortion in the 1970s before being repealed in 2022.

Thurman's family said they commended Walz for telling her story and for "his unwavering commitment to defending women’s reproductive rights".

The family said Thurman's death was a direct result of Georgia’s "archaic and dangerously restrictive abortion laws".

Her relatives took aim at the Trump campaign, saying they strongly condemned "the Republican platform that seeks to further restrict women's access to necessary healthcare".

Kayla Epstein
Reporting from the debate in New York

Image source, Getty Images

The debate is over, and normally reporters rush into the spin room.

But we’ve been held in the hallway for more than half an hour, likely for security reasons. JD Vance has appeared in the spin room to do a Fox News interview and access has been restricted.

But we are now finally moving and we'll bring you the latest from the spin room as soon as we get inside.

Has Trump paid federal tax in the last 15 years? Fact checking Walz's claimpublished at 04:46 British Summer Time 2 October

04:46 BST 2 October

During the debate, Tim Walz said: “Donald Trump hasn’t paid any federal tax in the last 15 years,” before he appeared to correct himself by adding, “in the last year as president".

The first part of that sentence is mostly false. Trump has paid tax over the last 15 years but according to a report, he didn’t pay any in his last year of his presidency.

A 2022 report , externalby the House Ways and Means Committee released some of Trump's tax returns which showed that he filed federal income tax returns for the years 2015 to 2020.

During this period, according to the report, Trump paid $641,931 in federal income tax in 2015; $750 in both 2016 and 2017; $999,466 in 2018; and $133,445 in 2019.

However, in 2020, his last year as president, Trump didn’t pay any federal income tax, according to the report.

Before becoming president in 2016, Trump declined to disclose his tax returns.

A 2022 New York Times article , externalreported that he had paid no income taxes in 10 of the 15 previous years.

Bernd Debusmann Jr
Reporting from a watch party in Las Vegas

Students have now left the College of Southern Nevada watch party - with most saying they heard nothing tonight that impacts how they feel about the election.

During a brief faculty-led discussion after the debate, most speakers said there were issues they would have liked to hear more of - including the economy, the Middle East and drug use.

I caught a few students as they were leaving, and none had said they had altered their previous stances.

One of them was Frank Slaughter, a veteran and former boxing coach at the University of Nevada - Las Vegas.

He's thrown his lot in with Harris-Walz, and said nothing Vance said could have changed his mind about former President Trump.

"He doesn't talk about policy, he talks about grievance," says Slaughter, who worries about unrest in the event of a contested election.

"It's evident he's not a person who is bringing together this country," he says. "His whole tactic is delay and conquer."

Let's bring you more reaction to the debate.

US President Joe Biden has tweeted: "Trust me, I know what a good vice-president looks like. Tonight’s debate made it clear my friend Tim Walz has what it takes."

Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump has posted multiple posts on his Truth social network, where he has said "JD crushed it!" and in capitals "great job JD".

Image source, Reuters

Jasmine Crockett, a co-chair of the Harris-Walz campaign, is sitting down with BBC News's Caitríona Perry in the spin room and detailing her key takeaways.

The congresswoman, who represents parts of Texas, argued Walz came in with "facts and numbers" that show why a Harris-Walz administration would help the American public while Vance danced around the hard questions and issues.

She specifically highlighted Vance's answers around the 6 January riots at the US Capitol and Trump's idea to replace the Affordable Care Act with a healthcare policy he hasn't detailed. She argued Vance tried to "sanitise" the Capitol riots and said "there was a transfer of power but it wasn't peaceful".

Crockett said voters got a good chance to meet Walz tonight and see how he see issues, specifically applauding his ability to change his views on guns after meeting with families of victims in the Sandy Hook elementary school shooting.

Florida Republican Congressman Byron Donalds, a Trump campaign surrogate, said Vance did a "great job" and had a "dominant" performance.

In the spin room after the debate, Donalds told BBC News Vance made a clear contrast that Harris's policies have undone progress made under the Trump administration.

He spoke to the candidates' discussion on abortion rights, saying Vance made valid points about prioritising families and babies.

"We don't like to see abortion... to be weaponised for political purposes," Donalds said. "What we're talking about really going forward is that we are stepping up to the plate to make sure women are getting the help they need bringing children into the world."

Fact checking Vance's claim on 'unfrozen assets' for Iranpublished at 04:19 British Summer Time 2 October

04:19 BST 2 October

Earlier, speaking about Iran’s missile attack on Israel, JD Vance said: “Iran has received over $100bn in unfrozen assets by the Harris administration."

It’s not clear where Vance has got this figure from.

Iran has had billions of dollars frozen in foreign banks because of international sanctions over its nuclear program. Some of these were unfrozen as part of the Iran nuclear deal negotiated under Barrack Obama in July 2015.

It amounted to about $50bn in “useable liquid assets,” according to testimony , externalin August 2015 from Adam Szubin, acting under-secretary of treasury for terrorism and financial intelligence.

This deal was cancelled by Donald Trump and it hasn’t been revived by the Biden-Harris administration.

There have been two agreements between the US and Iran made under the Biden administration which released around $16bn in Iranian assets.

One of the agreements was an extension of a waiver which was also in place under Trump. This allowed Iran to access $10bn of previously frozen assets.

The other was a deal between the US and Iran made in September 2023 in which prisoners were exchanged and $6bn of Iranian assets were released. The deal stated that the unfrozen funds could only be used by Iran for humanitarian purposes.

Democratic VP candidate Tim Walz was pressed during the debate over past statements he made on his military record and Tiananmen Square.

When questioned about previous comments that he was in Hong Kong when the Tiananmen Square massacre happened in June 1989, Walz says he "misspoke":

Who won the vice-presidential debate?published at 04:03 British Summer Time 2 October

04:03 BST 2 October

Anthony Zurcher
BBC North America correspondent, reporting from the debate in New York

The debate was civil and relatively restrained, focusing on the issues facing American voters during the 2024 election campaign.

In that, it was unlike the two presidential debates that took place earlier this year.

There were moments when Vance bristled at what he thought was unfair fact-checking from the two CBS moderators, and at one point microphones of both candidates were temporarily muted, but for the most part the exchanges between the two candidates – and the candidates and the moderators – were civil.

There were times when the VP contenders agreed - and said so.

"There's a lot of commonality here," Walz said toward the end of the evening.

When Walz spoke of his 17-year-old witnessing a shooting at a community centre, Vance seemed genuinely concerned.

"I'm sorry about that and I hope he's doing OK,” Vance said. "Christ have mercy, it is awful."

An even-tempered debate, with few political body blows, probably served Vance best in the end, as it gave him space to defend his running mate, Donald Trump, and smooth over some of the former president’s rougher edges.

“Something these guys do is make a lot of claims that if Donald Trump becomes president, all these terrible things will come true,” he said. "He did his job, which is govern in a bipartisan way."

If Vance was picked because he put some ideological meat on the bones of Trump's conservative populism, on Tuesday night Vance also put a polite, humble face on them, as well.

Let's bring you one of the key moments from the debate, when JD Vance's claims about Haitian migrants in Springfield, Ohio, prompted the moderators to mute the candidates' mics:

Phil McCausland
Reporting from the debate in New York

Image source, Reuters

Earlier, I raised the conventional wisdom that often comes up when discussing presidential running mates: "Do no harm."

It's the idea that you don't want a campaign's pick for vice-president to create headlines, become a topic of conversation or hurt the top of the ticket.

This debate was a big test for Vance and Walz - and a huge opportunity for them to potentially harm their respective campaigns.

But, with the debate now concluded, I would argue they've both done fine - which means they hit that mark, did no harm and likely made their bosses happy.