Summary

Media caption,

Crowds gather in Istanbul for sixth day of protests

  1. Turkey's president gives televised statementpublished at 15:07 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    We're now hearing from Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, who is delivering a televised statement after holding a cabinet meeting.

    We're monitoring his speech and will update you if he addresses the protests across Turkey.

  2. How Istanbul's mayor became Erdogan's main rivalpublished at 14:58 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    Banners of Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan and Kemal Kilicdaroglu, presidential candidate of Turkey's main opposition alliance with Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, flutter on a street ahead of the May 14 presidential and parliamentary electionsImage source, Reuters

    Ekrem Imamoglu was relatively unknown until 2019, when he fought and won mayoral elections for the opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) in Istanbul.

    The result was a major shock to Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Justice and Development Party (AK), which went on to allege irregularities in the voting process.

    A re-run was ordered. Imamoglu prevailed, securing 54% of the vote. The result was considered a major blow to Erdogan, who was then 16-years in power.

    Imamoglu was sentenced to more than two-and-a-half years in prison in 2022, pending appeal, after calling those who annulled the local elections in 2019 "idiots".

    A year later, Erdogan won the presidential election, securing another five years in power.

    "The entire nation of 85 million won," Erdogan told crowds at the time, but his call for unity sounded hollow.

    He ended with just over 52% of the vote - almost half the electorate in this deeply polarised country did not back his authoritarian vision of Turkey.

    Imamoglu - at this point seen as Erdogan's most formidable rival - again stunned the AK when he retained control over Istanbul in the 2024 municipal elections, winning a second mandate in Turkey's largest city.

    Many political commentators in Turkey referred to this as "Erdogan's worst defeat ever".

    Ankara, Izmir, Bursa and Adana - the four biggest cities in Turkey after Istanbul - now also all have mayors hailing from the CHP – a testimony to Turkey's polarised political landscape.

  3. Opposition calls for boycott of media not reporting protestspublished at 14:47 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    Nihan Kalle and William Armstrong
    Reporting from Istanbul, Turkey

    Main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) leader Ozgur Ozel has called for a boycott of media outlets that fail to report on mass protests against the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu.

    "We are taking note of all TV channels not reporting on the protests of almost one million people in a square in Istanbul," Ozel told large crowds outside the Istanbul city hall in the Sarachane neighbourhood on 23 March.

    "A boycott is coming to those who do not see this square," he said, external.

    Large media groups in Turkey are typically owned by holding companies with business interests in multiple sectors. Mainstream and pro-government news channels have largely avoided broadcasting footage from the nightly protests at Sarachane, instead focusing on alleged "provocations" by protesters.

    Amid Ozel's boycott call, lists of commercial companies seen as having close ties to the government spread widely on social media and on WhatsApp groups. Users also shared links to a website aimed at jointly identifying government-friendly companies and products to be avoided.

    Meanwhile, footage online showed university students boycotting classes on university campuses across Turkey, in protest at Imamoglu’s arrest.

  4. 'Before I was afraid, but now I'm just angry'published at 14:20 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    A 25-year-old protester who took to the streets last night says she plans to join the protests again tonight.

    She tells the BBC’s World at One that an “amazing commune” had gathered yesterday, with medical students assisting protesters who had been kicked and pepper-sprayed by police.

    “I’m a 25-year-old young woman, and we haven’t seen another government but Erdogan’s government,” she says.

    “As a citizen and as a woman, I don’t have any rights and I’m actually so afraid of something happening to me.”

    But the size of the protest movement has given her courage.

    “Before I was afraid, but now I’m just angry,” she says. “I’m not afraid anymore because I’ve seen how crowded we are and what we can do.”

  5. Change must come from within, says British diplomatpublished at 13:59 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    A former British ambassador to Turkey says it's "hard to disagree" with people who say Imamoglu’s arrest was politically motivated, but that change in the country “has to come from within”.

    Sir Dominick Chilcott was the UK’s ambassador to Turkey from 2018 to 2022. He told the BBC’s World at One (WATO) programme that his time at the embassy in Ankara was “marked by a fairly steady growth in authoritarianism” on the part of President Erdogan.

    The timing of Imamoglu’s arrest – so shortly before he was due to be named his party’s presidential candidate – has led many to suggest Erdogan had a political motivation.

    “I’m afraid it’s very hard to disagree with people who see it as politically motivated and a move to stifle lawful political activities,” Chilcott told WATO.

    But he is sceptical that major interventions from other countries could make a difference. “In my experience, the change has to come from within, from Turks themselves,” he says.

  6. Key things to know about the protests in Turkeypublished at 13:18 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    Police and protesters clash on Sunday during protests against Imamoglu's arrestImage source, EPA
    • What's happening: More than 1,100 people have been detained during five days of protests against the arrest of Istanbul’s mayor, Ekrem Imamoglu
    • Charges: Imamoglu, who is a key rival and vocal critic of Turkey’s President Erdogan, spent last night in jail on corruption charges, which he says are politically motivated. He has also been suspended from his post as mayor, Turkey's interior ministry says
    • Can Imamoglu still run for presidency?: Despite his arrest, the Republican People's Party (CHP) - the main opposition party - officially selected Imamoglu as its candidate for 2028’s presidential election. The arrest does not prevent Imamoglu's candidacy and election as president, but if he is convicted of any of the charges against him, he will not be able to run
    • Scale of unrest: The demonstrations are the largest the country has seen since the Gezi protests of 2013, which began in Istanbul over the demolition of a local park. In total, rallies took place in at least 55 of Turkey's 81 provinces, or more than two-thirds of the country, according to a tally by the AFP news agency
    • Erdogan's response: Erdogan has condemned the demonstrations and accused the CHP of trying to "disturb the peace and polarise our people"

  7. Striking images show protesters in Ankara using flares and fireworkspublished at 13:00 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    Support for Istanbul's mayor, Ekrem Imamoglu, has spread across the country - including to Turkey's capital Ankara, around 450km (280 miles) away.

    Images from yesterday show protesters on the city's streets using flares and fireworks to get their point across.

    Police were swiftly seen trying to control the crowds using water cannons, with Turkey's interior minister later accusing demonstrators of "attempting to disrupt public order, inciting street events and attacking our police".

    Here are a selection of those photos:

    A man holds a flare over a group of protesters in Ankara at nightImage source, Getty Images
    Fireworks go off in front of a group of protesters in Ankara at nightImage source, Getty Images
    Water canon spray into a crowd of protesters in Ankara at nightImage source, Getty Images
    Three men hold a Turkish flag in AnkaraImage source, Getty Images
  8. 'We want democracy'published at 12:50 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    Protesters gather in Istanbul with a large poster of Imamoglu in the centreImage source, Getty Images

    The BBC spoke to two young protesters on the streets of Istanbul yesterday, both of whom we have not named. They spoke out passionately against Imamoglu's arrest.

    "We have a right to vote," said one young woman. "We have a right to choose whoever we want to rule us. But he [President Erdogan] is taking that right from us."

    "We want democracy," a young man added. "We want the people to choose the elected. And we want the free will to choose who we want without them being imprisoned."

  9. In pictures: Protesters clash with riot police overnight in Istanbulpublished at 12:40 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    A man stands with his face covered in front of a line of riot policeImage source, Getty Images
    Turkish anti-riot police officers use water cannons to disperse protestersImage source, Getty Images
    A man holds of burning material in front of policeImage source, Getty Images
    Turkish police officers apprehend a protesterImage source, Getty Images
  10. What have the government and opposition said?published at 12:27 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    A person wears a cutout mask of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu who was jailed as part of a corruption investigation,Image source, Reuters

    The protests taking place across Turkey were sparked by the arrest of Istanbul’s mayor Ekrem Imamoglu.

    Imamoglu was formally arrested on Sunday and charged with "establishing and managing a criminal organisation, taking bribes, extortion, unlawfully recording personal data and rigging a tender".

    • Imamoglu said the allegations against him were politically motivated and a "black stain on our democracy", writing "I will never bow" on social media before he was remanded in custody
    • Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan condemned the demonstrations and accused the CHP - Imamoglu's party - of trying to "disturb the peace and polarise our people"
    • The Ministry of Justice has also chimed in, criticising those connecting Erdogan to the arrests, insisting on the judiciary's independence
    • Meanwhile, CHP leader Ozgur Ozel accused Erdogan of not only "defying" Imamoglu, but millions of Turks. The party also accused the government of attempting "to stage a coup"
  11. EU urges Turkey to uphold 'democratic values'published at 12:16 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    The European Commission has urged Turkey to "uphold democratic values" as a country that is both a member of the Council of Europe and a candidate for joining the EU.

    "We want Turkey to remain anchored to Europe, but this requires a clear commitment to democratic norms and practices," commission spokesperson Guillaume Mercier told reporters, according to the AFP news agency.

    The Greek government also commented on the political situation of its neighbour, saying it was "worrying", adding that undermining the rule of law and civil liberties "cannot be tolerated".

  12. Imamoglu's party says government is 'afraid' of himpublished at 12:12 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    Officials from Ekrem Imamoglu's Republican People's Party (CHP) say they won't accept "fake democracy" in Turkey.

    Speaking to the BBC World Service's Newsday, Baturay Goksular, a CHP official, says it is essential to keep fighting for democracy in the wake of Imamoglu's imprisonment.

    "Those charges of corruption and terror charges are, as a whole, politically motivated and they just are afraid of Imamoglu and our party's election performance that will happen if a presidential election happens in Turkey," Goksular says.

    He adds his party wants elections now, because he says "we know - and the protests show" that the Turkish public wants another "fate" than Erdogan's regime.

    On Sunday, the CHP - Turkey's main opposition party - named Imamoglu as its candidate for the 2028 presidential election.

  13. Analysis

    This was a boiling pot waiting to explodepublished at 11:54 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    Mark Lowen
    Reporting from Istanbul

    Police officers use pepper spray on demonstrators during a protestImage source, Reuters

    "Whoever wins Istanbul, wins Turkey," President Erdogan once said.

    He came to rue those words in 2019, when Ekrem Imamoglu won the mayorship of Turkey’s largest city.

    When the president cried foul and ordered a re-run, Imamoglu won it again - even more decisively. Then, last year, Imamoglu's party gained control of virtually every major city.

    Erdogan sensed his iron grip on the country faced its biggest threat in his 22 years in power.

    Four days before Imamoglu was due to be selected as the opposition’s candidate in the next election, he was seized by police. His supporters said he was heading to prison - "but also to the presidency".

    Imamoglu is from a secular-based party, but has managed to reach out to the pious side of the country too with his inclusive, unifying rhetoric. His arrest has galvanised Turks who feel oppressed by an increasingly authoritarian President Erdogan - and desperate over an economy that has fallen off a cliff.

    As the government has jailed political opponents, critical journalists, mayors, even astronomers, it has felt like a boiling pot was waiting to explode. This might be that moment.

    I interviewed Imamoglu in 2019, when I was the BBC's Turkey correspondent. "Everything comes to an end," he told me then, "parties, governments, life itself."

    Would he be the next president of Turkey, I asked? "God knows", he said with a chuckle.

  14. Who is Ekrem Imamoglu?published at 11:27 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    Cagil Kasapoglu
    BBC World Service

    Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu addresses his supporters in Istanbul in this photo from late JanuaryImage source, Reuters
    Image caption,

    Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu addresses his supporters in Istanbul in this photo from late January

    Istanbul's mayor Ekrem Imamoglu is one of the country's most popular politicians.

    A leading figure in the opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) and mayor of the country's most populous city, the 54-year-old has long been seen as President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's most formidable rival.

    He stunned Erdogan and his ruling Justice and Development Party (AK) when he retained control over Istanbul in last year's municipality elections, winning a second successive mandate in Turkey's largest city.

    Many political commentators in Turkey have referred to this as "Erdogan's worst defeat ever".

  15. Imamoglu named as official CHP candidate despite arrestpublished at 11:18 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    Turkey’s main opposition party, the Republican People's Party (CHP), named Ekrem Imamoglu as its official candidate for the 2028 presidential election - despite his arrest.

    The decision follows a symbolic vote on Sunday - in which the leader of the CHP says nearly 15 million people participated - but there are still big questions for Imamoglu.

    For a start he is now in jail, having been formally arrested and charged with corruption. Imamoglu has denied the allegations and said they are politically motivated.

    On top of that, Istanbul University earlier announced it was revoking Imamoglu's degree due to alleged irregularities.

    If upheld, this would put his ability to run as president into doubt, since the Turkish constitution says presidents must have completed higher education to hold office. Imamoglu's lawyers say they will appeal the decision.

    CHP leader Ozgur Ozel pictured voting during the presidential primaries for the only candidate, Ekrem Imamoglu,on Sunday, surrounded by crowdsImage source, EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock
    Image caption,

    CHP leader Ozgur Ozel was pictured voting during the presidential primaries for the only candidate, Ekrem Imamoglu, on Sunday

  16. Tensions flare in Turkey on fifth night of protestspublished at 11:05 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    While demonstrations unfolding across Turkey have been largely peaceful, tensions appeared to rise last night, with reports of clashes between police and protesters in Istanbul.

    Demonstrators were seen waving Turkish flags and chanting in front of a row of riot police, who, in turn, used cannons, tear gas and pepper spray to break up demonstrations - some of which is captured in the images below:

    A person holds a flower towards police officers holding shields and wearing helmetsImage source, Reuters
    Turkish riot police clash with protestersImage source, EPA
    Turkish riot police spray water cannons to disperse demonstratorsImage source, EPA
  17. At least 10 journalists detained across Turkeypublished at 10:57 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    At least 10 journalists have been detained in the cities of Istanbul and Izmir during dawn raids by Turkish police.

    The news is being reported by Media and Law Studies Association (MLSA), a non-profit organisation, and news agencies.

    Meanwhile, the AFP news agency reports that among the 10 arrested is one of its photographers who was arrested in his home.

  18. Turkish government issues 'clear warning' to protestorspublished at 10:53 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    Police officers intervene against demonstratorsImage source, Getty Images

    We can bring you a bit more now from the statement Turkey's Interior Minister Ali Yerlikaya issued on social media.

    Citing the Turkish constitution, he claims the protests over the last five days have "abused" the right to demonstrate, accusing protestors of "attempting to disrupt public order, inciting street events and attacking our police".

    "Such actions are aimed at disrupting the peace and security of our people," he adds.

    "We are clearly warning you from here: Let no one try to use our youth and our people as a shield for their own political ambitions."

    The statement follows clashes between police and protestors in Istanbul yesterday evening. Prior to that, the demonstrations had been largely peaceful.

  19. More than 1,100 detained over protests, interior minister sayspublished at 10:42 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March
    Breaking

    Turkey's interior minister, Ali Yerlikaya, says a total of 1,133 have been detained since these protests in Turkey began last week.

    "The terrorisation of our streets and the threat to the peace and security of our nation will absolutely not be tolerated," he says in a lengthy post.

    Our colleagues in Turkey are working on bringing us a sense of what the country and its people are feeling today - which we'll then bring you. Stay tuned.

  20. Remind me, what's been happening in Turkey?published at 10:26 Greenwich Mean Time 24 March

    People holding Turkish flags take part in a protestImage source, Reuters

    Tens of thousands of protesters have taken part in demonstrations across Turkey, after the main rival to the country's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan was detained.

    Ekrem Imamoglu, the mayor of Istanbul, was one of more than 100 people, including other politicians, journalists and businessmen, detained last week. On Sunday, he was arrested and formally charged with corruption.

    He has described the charges as being politically motivated - a claim Erdogan has denied.

    Meanwhile, Imamoglu was confirmed over the weekend as the Republican People's Party's (CHP) presidential nominee for the country's next major election - scheduled for 2028.

    In response to his arrest, last night saw a ramping up of the worst unrest the country has seen in more than a decade - with protesters fired upon with tear gas and rubber bullets. You can see footage of that in our last post.

    Many have taken to the streets across Turkey in largely peaceful demonstrations since Imamoglu's detention. More than 700 arrests have been made since the protests began, according to Turkish authorities.