Summary

  • Japan's space agency says it's communicating with its un-crewed craft "Moon Sniper" after it landed on the lunar surface

  • But scientists say the craft's solar generators aren't working - it's relying entirely on batteries

  • Japan's space agency is now rushing to fix the solar generators before the batteries run out

  • The landing means Japan becomes only the fifth country to land on the Moon after the US, the former Soviet Union, China and India

  • The Japanese spacecraft aimed to land within 100m (328ft) of a location near the Shioli crater, on the near side of the Moon - scientists are still confirming if they've managed this

  • Last year, India made history when it successfully landed a spacecraft near the south pole of the Moon

  1. Thanks for joining uspublished at 19:28 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    That's all from us in London, thanks for landing on our live page during this momentous occasion for Japan and the global space community.

    We'll be closely monitoring developments as officials learn more about the fate of Slim.

    If you want to read more about today's Moon mission, our science correspondent Jonathan Amos has you covered.

    This page was edited by Andrew Humphrey and Alex Therrien, and written by Gem O'Reilly, Ali Abbas Ahmadi, Jonathan Amos, and Jake Lapham.

  2. Japan's Moon landing success surpasses glitchespublished at 19:14 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Jonathan Amos
    Science correspondent

    While Slim’s situation is concerning, don’t overlook the achievement of just getting down safely to the surface of the Moon.

    This is quite the feat.

    As we’ve been saying, historically only about a half of all attempts succeed.

    Japan is now in that “win column”, along with the US, the Soviet Union, China and India. Yes, the life of Slim might be measured now in just hours, but one of the key objectives was to test and prove new precision navigation technologies. And those clearly worked.

    These can now be used on future missions. Japan is going to be an important partner in the return of astronauts to the Moon later this decade.

    Slim’s soft-landing augers well for the missions Japan will send in support of the astronauts.

  3. Key points from the Jaxa updatepublished at 19:02 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    It's just after 04:00 in Tokyo, and after a long night's work for Japan's space agency, let's take a moment to recap today's events.

    The Slim spacecraft has made an historic landing on the Moon - making Japan only the fifth country to complete a lunar touchdown. But that success comes with a big caveat - a key part of the spacecraft appears to be malfunctioning, throwing the success of the mission into jeopardy. Here's what we learnt from Japan's space agency:

    • Slim has landed on the moon and the craft is communicating with the control room on Earth
    • Solar generators on the craft are not working, and the craft is being powered entirely by battery
    • If this can't be fixed, the Slim mission will go silent when the battery runs out
    • Officials from Japan's space agency are still gathering data and they don't have answers for a lot of key questions at the moment
    • On the available information, they say they believe a soft, precision landing was successful.

    People celebrate the landing at a public viewing event in Sagamihara, south of TokyoImage source, Reuters
    Image caption,

    People celebrate the landing at a public viewing event in Sagamihara, south of Tokyo

  4. That's the end of the presserpublished at 18:54 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Thanks for keeping up to date with us during the Jaxa press conference.

    At the end of the presser the three Jaxa officials posed with a model of Slim, showing pride in their work so far.

    Jaxa exectutives pose with model of Slim spacecraftImage source, Jaxa
  5. The mission receives a pass mark... justpublished at 18:51 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    The press conference has just finished after more an hour and a half. Journalists were trying to squeeze every last detail from the Jaxa officials.

    One of the last questions was for Isis-Jaxa director general Hitoshi Kuninaka who was asked what score he would give the mission.

    He gives it a pass mark of 60 out of 100, and adds it will be no surprise to his staff that he is being harsh.

  6. What plans does Japan have for the future?published at 18:26 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Jaxa officials said looking forward they do hope to learn from the mission.

    The battery running out doesn't mean the end of the Slim mission, they said, and they want to spend the time available to understand the situation and get as much data as possible.

    "We want to increase the accuracy in our technology, such as our landing technology, so not just a Moon, but also a Mars landing will be possible."

    He added that they cannot have smiles on their faces yet until they get the data.

  7. Collaboration in space exploration essential, says Jaxapublished at 18:06 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Jaxa officials are next asked about what message they would give to children and young people.

    "Landing on the Moon itself is very difficult, so doing something like this is very challenging and making effort is very important," one official says.

    He adds that children will be "our future" and that he hopes that young people want to engage in the outer space area.

    "It's an area where collaboration is essential."

    Jaxa officials during the press conferenceImage source, Jaxa
  8. Analysis

    Japanese space agency in a race against timepublished at 17:56 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Jonathan Amos
    Science correspondent

    The Japanese space agency is now in a race against time.

    After the joy of seeing its Slim spacecraft successfully touch down on the Moon, engineers quickly realised not all was well with the mission.

    For reasons not yet fully understood, the craft's solar cells are not working.

    This means all surface operations are currently being run off Slim's batteries.

    The lander may have just a few hours of life ahead of it.

    Officials are currently prioritising activities. They've turned off heaters and are now pulling down pictures from the craft and data that will tell them how well the landing software worked.

    The agency won't immediately give up on Slim if it does fall silent. It's always possible the solar cells have somehow become oriented in a way that prevents them from seeing the Sun.

    As the light changes angle, it's always possible Slim could come back to life. But the temperatures on the Moon in the dark get very low - often so low that they can break electronics.

  9. Jaxa says landing within 100m would count as 'full success'published at 17:50 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Hitoshi Kuninaka describes how Jaxa is measuring the success of this mission.

    • The "minimum success" criterion was landing on the Moon - which Kuninaka confirms they have successfully managed.
    • The mission would be considered "full success" if the craft landed within 100m of its target. While it may take a month to confirm this, Kuninaka says he believes this has been achieved.
    • An "extra success" would have been for the craft to perform its scientific observations. Due to the issues with the solar cells, it appears this has not been met, he says
  10. Jaxa doesn't know if lander is upside downpublished at 17:49 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Jaxa officials are asked what they know about the position of the lander - for example could it be upside down and the solar cell is underneath?

    The answer is they don't really know. They are gathering more information to analyse what position it's in.

    Jaxa officials fielding questions from the mediaImage source, Jaxa
    Image caption,

    The Jaxa officials are fielding questions from the media about the Slim spacecraft

  11. Slim could be repowered if panels catch the sun's light, Jaxa official sayspublished at 17:46 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Hitoshi Kuninaka, director general of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science and vice-president of Jaxa, was just asked about what could be done to try to fix the solar panels.

    He says: "The battery will last several more hours, those hours will be the remaining life of Slim" but they are trying to keep the "status quo".

    Kuninaka says they don't want to do anything that is "too excessive" but there is still hope for Slim to generate electricity again, when the solar angle changes.

    "The solar angle will change every month and the sunlight on the Moon will change.

    "When the light from Earth shines from a different direction it could hit the solar cell, so we are considering this and we are hoping for Slim to regain power."

    He summarised by saying even if the Slim battery runs out, and it catches the sun's light, it will restart.

  12. Some systems of spacecraft have been shut downpublished at 17:34 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Hitoshi KuninakaImage source, Jaxa

    Some systems of the spacecraft have been shut down to save power, says Jaxa official Hitoshi Kuninaka, as it is entirely reliant on battery power at the moment.

    He says they are currently prioritising downloading the navigation data of the Slim craft, especially the trajectory of its descent and the photographs taken as the craft landed.

    He adds that the batter power is likely to last for several hours and that the team on Earth will do everything they can in that time to get the solar generators to begin working.

  13. Mission was a 'major milestone'published at 17:33 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    The Jaxa officials describe the mission as a "major milestone", and a big step forward for future space exploration.

    They note the global interest in the mission, with large interest among people tracking the lander online.

  14. Precision landing was a success, Jaxa president sayspublished at 17:32 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Jaxa's president says the landing was a success and the craft is communicating, so the "minimum level of success" of the mission has been achieved.

    Going forward he adds that they will assess the data to make many more findings.

    "We should be able to access the lunar surface, so with the various countries going forward there will be international cooperation, that is already under way."

    He says that the precision landing was a success but the agency needs one month or so to analyse it.

    The president adds: "Going forward, we will send more to Moon and we have a project going to Mars."

  15. If solar panels cannot be fixed, mission will soon go silentpublished at 17:29 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Jonathan Amos
    Science correspondent

    The mission has successfully soft-landed on the Moon.

    But, as we've just heard, its solar panels are not generating electricity, which means it is totally reliant on the charge in its battery system.

    If this situation cannot be fixed, when the battery discharges, the mission will go silent.

  16. Everything in spacecraft working except solar generators, Jaxa sayspublished at 17:27 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Hitoshi KuninakaImage source, Jaxa

    Jaxa official Hitoshi Kuninaka gives more details, saying everything in the spacecraft except the solar generators is working correctly.

    This could be because the generators are not angled towards the right direction, he says, but he adds that Jaxa is still gathering data to determine exactly what is happening.

  17. Soft landing was successful, Jaxa sayspublished at 17:26 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    Jaxa is asked if the landing was a successful soft landing. The officials says yes, as most of the equipment is functioning properly.

    If the powered descent wasn't successful, there would have been a high-speed collision.

    So on that basis, they think the landing was successful.

    The main problem at this stage appears to be the malfunctioning solar cell.

  18. Jaxa trying to understand condition of spacecraftpublished at 17:25 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    A Jaxa official says they are still gathering data about the condition of the spacecraft.

    He says the team requires more time "to understand the situation".

    "We are still gathering data about the condition of our aircraft and the accuracy of the landing with our aim of Slim being within 100m of the target."

    The official adds that the team will gather more data and is hoping to hold another press conference next week.

  19. Jaxa confirms Slim landed on the Moonpublished at 17:19 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January
    Breaking

    Jaxa president Hiroshi YamakawaImage source, Jaxa
    Image caption,

    Jaxa president Hiroshi Yamakawa confirms the lander successfully reached the Moon

    Jaxa president Hiroshi Yamakawa begins by confirming that the Slim spacecraft has landed on the Moon.

    A second senior Jaxa official Hitoshi Kuninaka says the craft is communicating with the control room on Earth.

    However, it appears the solar generators are not working at this time, which means it is reliant entirely on its battery.

  20. Press conference beginspublished at 17:14 Greenwich Mean Time 19 January

    The press conference has just begun. Stay with us to see whether it's been a successful landing.