Summary

  • President Putin "probably" approved murder of ex-spy Alexander Litvinenko, public inquiry concludes on 21 January, 2016

  • Widow Marina Litvinenko "very pleased" with report and calls for UK government action against Russia

  • Russian Foreign Ministry says inquiry was "politicised"

  • Mr Litvinenko died in London in 2006 from effects of radiation poisoning

  1. Summary of the day's eventspublished at 17.08

    We are ending our live coverage of reaction to the conclusions of the Litvinenko Inquiry here.

    We leave you with a recap of the main events of the day.

    • Judge Sir Robert Owen's report on the death of former Russian spy Alexander Litvinenko in London in 2006 concludes that Russian President Vladimir Putin "probably" approved his murder 
    • The long-awaited report found two Russian men - Andrei Lugovoi and Dmitry Kovtun - deliberately poisoned Mr Litvinenko by putting radioactive polonium-210 into his tea at a hotel
    • Mr Putin is likely to have signed off the poisoning in part due to personal "antagonism" between the pair, as well as because of his work for British intelligence agencies, criticism of Russian authorities, and association with other Russian dissidents, the report says.
    • David Cameron promises the UK is "toughening" its action against Russia. He says UK will have to continue "some sort of relationship with them [Russia]" but with "clear eyes and a very cold heart"
    • Russian Foreign Ministry reacts to the inquiry calling it "politicised" and saying it has "overshadowed the general atmosphere of bilateral relations"
    • Mr Putin's spokesman says Moscow's official response will happen through "diplomatic channels". Mr Putin himself has not commented, 
    • Home Secretary Theresa May faces criticisms from all parties in the Commons, including calls from Labour for the 2018 Fifa World Cup to be taken away from Russia
    • Widow Marina Litvinenko says she is "very pleased" with the report and calls for a UK government travel ban for Mr Putin and sanctions against Russia  
    • Russian suspect Andrei Lugovoi calls the allegations against him "absurd", while his fellow suspect Dmitry Kovtun says he will react once he has more information about the report findings

  2. Kremlin: 'We didn't initiate this freezing of relations'published at 16.36

    BBC Monitoring

    Here's that quote from Dmitry Peskov, Kremlin spoksman, in full, taken from the Russian news agency, Interfax.

    Quote Message

    This (investigation) can be seen as the product of the elegant sense of humour of the British, when a public and closed investigation rests on undisclosed information from unnamed intelligence services and the ample use of the words 'possibly' and 'probably'.

    Quote Message

    Russia was never the initiator of the freezing of bilateral relations [with the UK]. Such quasi-investigations can undoubtedly only poison the atmosphere of our bilaterial relations even further.

  3. 'Not funny'published at 16.35

    Peskov

    Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said the report on the murder of Alexander Litvinenko was the product of "the elegant sense of humour of the British".

    Downing Street has responded by saying: "The murder of someone in Britain, the pain and torment this has caused for his family and an independent inquiry with such conclusions is far from that."

  4. The Litvinenko Inquiry in numberspublished at 16.34

    Litvinenko grave

    The Press Association has put together some of the key statistics contained in the inquiry into the death of Alexander Litvinenko: 

    • 50 micrograms - the minimum amount of polonium-210 believed to have been put into the teapot from which Mr Litvinenko drank at the Millennium Hotel in London on 1 November, 2006.
    • 100 grams - the approximate amount of polonium-210 made in nuclear reactors each year around the world. 
    • 4.4 gigabecquerels - the radioactivity of Mr Litvinenko's likely total intake of polonium-210. Roughly 10,000 becquerels, when ingested, is enough to kill a person. 
    • £2,000 per month - Mr Litvinenko's payments for supplying information to British intelligence, which began in 2004. 
    • £2.2m - the total cost of the inquiry into Mr Litvinenko's death. 
    • 22 days - the length of time between Mr Litvinenko's poisoning and his death, on 23 November, 2006. 
    • 60locations - the number of places examined and assessed by more than 200 officers as part of the police investigation into his death.
    • 15 countries - the number of nations to which requests for legal assistance were made as part of the investigation. 
    • 135,000 words - the approximate length of the inquiry report, running to almost 330 pages. 
    • 17 months - total length of the inquiry from the formal setting up date to the submission of the report. A total of 62 witnesses gave oral evidence. 
  5. PM: 'We have clear eyes and a cold heart in our dealings with Russia'published at 16:22 Greenwich Mean Time 21 January 2016

    Mr Cameron has not ruled out further punitive action, saying he will look carefully at the report, but he says the UK has to continue to conduct relations with Russia on some level to try to resolve the conflict in Syria.

    Quote Message

    We have a pretty difficult relationship with the Russians in any event. We totally disapprove of what they're doing in Syria, bombing the moderate opposition. That is making the situation worse, not better. We put sanctions in place, led the arguments in Europe for sanctions because of their illegal action in the Ukraine.

    Quote Message

    But do we at some level have to go on having some sort of relationship with them because we need a solution to the Syria crisis? Yes, we do, but we do it with clear eyes and a very cold heart.

  6. PM: 'Report confirms what we always believed, that it was state-sponsored action'published at 16:15

    Cameron

    Mr Cameron says: "What we've added today is further asset freezes, writing to the prosecuting authorities to see what more can be done."

    He called the murder "absolutely appalling", adding: "This report confirms what we always believed, and what we believed at the time of this dreadful murder, that it was state-sponsored action."

  7. Prime Minister: 'Be in no doubt, we're toughening our action against Russia'published at 16.10
    Breaking

    Prime Minister David Cameron tells the BBC: "Be in no doubt, this shocking event was reacted to years ago when it happened and we're toughening our action again today."

  8. Litvinenko murder: Why would Putin want him dead?published at 16.07

    Explainer

    The BBC's Richard Galpin explains the accusation that Vladimir Putin ordered Alexander Litvinenko's killing.  

    Watch his analysis here.

  9. 'Tea with a killer'published at 16.07

    BBC home affairs correspondent tweets...

  10. Putin spokesman: Response will be through diplomatic channelspublished at 15.47
    Breaking

    BBC Monitoring

    A spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin says Moscow's response to the UK report on the Litvinenko killing will happen through "diplomatic channels". 

    "All the necessary answers will of course be given through diplomatic channels," Dmitry Preskov was quoted saying by the Interfax news agency.

  11. 'Poison relations'published at 15.46

    Moscow deputy bureau chief of the The Wall Street Journal tweets...

  12. The teapot at the heart of a murderpublished at 15.45

    Teapot

    A white teapot was at the centre of the murder inquiry that shocked the world and plunged Britain's relations with Russia into crisis. 

    Dissident spy Alexander Litvinenko died three weeks after drinking tea at the Pine Bar of the Millennium Hotel in Mayfair, central London, in November 2006. 

    After his death, every teapot at the hotel was tested and only one bore evidence of contamination, the probe heard. 

    Extremely high readings were detected on the porcelain pot, which was given the exhibit number NJH/1. 

    The highest levels were found on the inside of the spout. One expert estimated that at least 50 micrograms of polonium 210 was placed into the teapot.

    The inquiry report said forensic evidence showed the Pine Bar was heavily contaminated, with the highest readings taken from the table where Mr Litvinenko was sitting and from the inside of one of the teapots. 

    "No comparable levels of contamination were found in any of the other places that Mr Litvinenko visited that day," it said. 

    In his conclusions, inquiry chairman Sir Robert Owen wrote: "I am sure that Mr Lugovoi and Mr Kovtun placed the polonium 210 in the teapot at the Pine Bar on November 1 2006."

  13. Former British Ambassador to Moscow: 'Need for justice above diplomatic pussyfooting around'published at 15.31

    Sir Andrew Wood

    Sir Andrew Wood, who was UK ambassador to Moscow between 1995 to 2000, the year that Alexander Litvinenko left Russia for the UK, said it was "about time" blame was placed at the door of the Kremlin.

    He said he was relieved that the conclusions were "so clear, so well-argued, and so demonstrable".

    Quote Message

    I think it brings out a very clear and very important issue as to the nature of Russia today, as to the need for justice above diplomatic pussyfooting around, and as to the value of putting on record so that we all know what we're dealing with.

    He said the idea that there was processed polonium available on the streets was "extraordinarily unlikely".

    Much more likely was the probability that someone at a senior level must have give the poison to them.

    Quote Message

    I think it's highly unlikely that low-level operatives would seek to poison someone here without some sort of clearance, even if it's only a nod, from higher up.

    Quote Message

    The government needs to make some concrete gestures about this murderous incident, and to take note of what this means about Russia today.

  14. #PutinProbablyApprovedpublished at 15.24

    Analysis by Oleg Boldyrev, BBC Moscow correspondent

    For years Moscow rejected allegations of high-level involvement into the murder of Alexander Litvinenko.

    The fact Russian President Putin himself is now associated with this assassination has not changed anything. Taking their lead from Robert Owen’s use of the words “high probability”, the second tier of the Russian establishment, mainly Kremlin-loyalist MPs, are dismissing the entire report as a politically-based fabrication.

    Russians on social media are making fun of its conclusions by using the hashtag ‘PutinProbablyApproved’ in Russian to include all manner of crimes. (#ПутинВозможноОдобрил, external).

    So too are Andrei Lugovoi and Dmitry Kovtun. Their story has become so well-rehearsed that no amount of detail published in London is likely to change that. 

    For almost 10 years both had to stay in Russia as there are international warrants for their arrest. It is unlikely they still have any assets to be frozen by the British authorities.

    One member of parliament, Nikolai Kovalev, himself an ex-FSB boss, pointed out relations between Moscow and London would not be harmed by the report as there was no room for making them any worse.

  15. Litvinenko 'won't be last critic to end up dead'published at 15:00

    CNN is running an opinion piece - Don't let Vladimir Putin get away with murder on British soil, external - by William Browder, the CEO and co-founder of investment fund Hermitage Capital Management, which was once the largest foreign investor in Russia. 

    His previous accusations of Russian corruption have seen him barred from the country and tried in absentia for tax evasion. 

    He believes Alexander Litvinenko "wasn't the first critic of Vladimir Putin to end up dead, and he won't be the last".

  16. Suspect sent 'nuclear death' T-shirtpublished at 14:44

    T-shirt from inquiryImage source, PA
    Back of T-shirt from inquiryImage source, PA

    Murder suspect Andrei Lugovoi is said to have given this t-shirt to an associate in Moscow and asked for it be delivered as a "gift" to billionaire Boris Berezovsky, a friend of Mr Litvinenko's, in 2010. 

    The front says: "Polonium-210 CSKA London, Hamburg. To Be Continued", while the back says: "CSKA Moscow Nuclear Death Is Knocking Your Door". 

    Inquiry chairman Sir Robert said: "The T-shirt could be seen as an admission by Mr Lugovoi that he had poisoned Mr Litvinenko, made at a time when he was confident that he would never be extradited from Russia, and wished to taunt Mr Berezovsky with that fact. 

    "Alternatively, it could, perhaps, be seen as an extraordinarily tasteless joke." 

    Mr Berezovsky died at his Berkshire home in 2013.

  17. Russia is monstrous gangster state, warns Liam Foxpublished at 14:22

    Liam Fox

    Former Conservative Defence Secretary Liam Fox says the West has "a policy of wishful thinking" towards Russian relations. 

    Quote Message

    People like myself who criticised Russia's behaviour were regarded as hawkish and provocative. But I think it's very clear that this is a monstrous gangster state that we face in Russia and we can't possibly treat them as an equal partner in global affairs."

  18. Picture: Russian ambassador faces the mediapublished at 14:11

    Alexander Yakovenko, the Ambassador of the Russian Federation,Image source, PA
    Image caption,

    Russian ambassador Alexander Yakovenko speaks to the media after being summoned to the Foreign Office following the findings of the Litvinenko inquiry

  19. 'Political poisonings' before Litvinenko murderpublished at 14:05

    The Owen inquiry report draws attention to several political poisonings in the years before Alexander Litvinenko’s murder in 2006.

    In particular, he mentions “an apparent attempt to poison Viktor Yuschenko, the anti-Moscow candidate in presidential elections taking place in Ukraine” in September 2004.

    The BBC Radio programme Witness has just broadcast an interview with the former Ukrainian president about how he was poisoned. You can find it here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03fcjh5