Image source, COP26

There was a rapturous reception in the conference room earlier after an emotive plea from Tuvalu's representative, who said his nation was disappearing as a result of climate change.

Climate minister Seve Paeniu said his government had been optimistic after hearing the “passion, commitment and pledges” made by world leaders in the first two days of COP26.

But that optimism, he said, had sadly not translated into concrete commitments in the negotiations or the draft agreement.

Tuvalu, he told delegates, was “fast disappearing” and “literally sinking”.

“This is not fiction, not something projected to happen in the future," he said.

Image source, Reuters

He called for stronger language on cutting emissions, greater ambition and a doubling of climate finance to help poorer countries adapt.

“It is a matter of life and survival for many of us, and we implore that Glasgow must be the defining moment. We must not fail.”

Home to nearly 12,000 people across three islands and six reef atolls, Tuvalu is particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels - as its highest point lies just a few metres above the ocean.

Image source, PA Media

If you're just joining us, here's a round-up of what's been happening at the final day of the COP26 climate summit so far:

• A new draft agreement has been published. It weakens some of the language from an earlier draft on the phasing out of coal and fossil fuels, but strengthens other sections - including calls for nations to set climate targets
• COP26 president Alok Sharma calls the draft agreement a step closer to a "comprehensive, ambitious and balanced set of outcomes" but acknowledges more work is needed
• Nations have been holding a stocktaking session, where they give their take on how the talks are going. There was an overarching feeling from most countries that more needs to be done

• Environmental campaign group Greenpeace says the agreement needs to be "a lot, lot better" but says some sections are worth holding on to and urges negotiators to "agree something historic"
• Oxfam says there is a "glaring" absence of a finance plan to help developing nations deal with loss and damage caused by climate change
• Climate campaigners have continued to protest outside the summit venue and hundreds of delegates have walked out to join them
• A deal must be agreed by the end of the summit, which is due to be in its final hours - but negotiations could continue into the weekend

Image source, Reuters

Image source, Getty Images

The delegate from Bangladesh says the current state of the climate crisis is "an emergency prevailing all over the world" and calls for any agreements that are reached to be called the Glasgow Emergency Pact.

"This is a very unique COP because the science has never been clearer, it has never been more conclusive, the devastation and the loss that has been caused has not been any more severe."

He reminds everyone that Bangladesh is vulnerable to the effects of climate change.

"We have literally hundreds and thousands of people who are being displaced by climate threats in all parts of the country, we are having the melting of the glaciers in the Himalayas."

Read more about Bangladesh and climate change.

Talks hit stumbling block as negotiators try to Excel-erate talkspublished at 16:02 Greenwich Mean Time 12 November 2021

16:02 GMT 12 November 2021

Adam Fleming
Chief political correspondent

If you're after some extreme detail that illuminates why these discussions take so long, I'm here for you.

So, part of the discussion is about the rulebook for implementing the Paris climate change agreement.

And one stumbling block is over exactly how countries report their emissions of greenhouse gases and what they’re doing about them.

There’s currently a row about whether less developed countries who don’t have the data should be allowed to submit spreadsheets where those columns are blank or whether the columns are allowed to be just not there at all.

It sounds ridiculous but it’s a good example of the level of detail at which these talks operate.

BBC Minute

Image source, Jon Bonifacio

Stepping away from the stocktake for a bit - as nations continue to share their thoughts on how things are going...

BBC Minute reporter Mora Morrison bumped into Mitzi Jonelle Tan, a prominent young activist from the Philippines, who’s protesting with others on the streets of Glasgow.

She’s critical of the latest agreement draft, which countries could sign at the end of COP26 talks.

She describes the latest text as little more than a “bunch of words”. And she feels that debates over the exact language used in the document are distracting from the urgent need for action.

“We’re seeing all this mumbo-jumbo about how this word is more intense than the other word,” she says.

“Honestly, this talk about text - although I know it’s important - it feels like a slap to my face when I know that back home, people are suffering from the climate crisis.”

But she remains optimistic regardless of what results from the talks in Glasgow.

As we've mentioned, a draft agreement was published early on Friday following all-night talks. It is asking for much tighter deadlines for governments to reveal their plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

But it has watered down commitments to end the use of coal and other fossil fuels and the language has been softened - something many of the nations speaking now are pointing out.

Tessa Khan, a human rights lawyer specialising in the impact of climate change, says the decision to take a less firm line on the phasing out of coal, oil and natural gas is "really disappointing".

She is the founder of Uplift - an organisation working to help the UK government transition from fossil fuels.

Image source, Reuters

Khan tells the BBC the move is in opposition to "one of the most promising developments" of the entire climate summit - the announcement of the Danish and Costa Rican-led initiative the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance, external yesterday. The new global alliance of countries aims to stop licensing oil and gas production in an effort to fight climate change.

The group also includes France, Sweden, Ireland and Wales - but not the UK as a whole.

The climate envoy for the Marshall Islands says that fossil fuel subsidies must end, as countries race to a deal after two weeks of negotiations at COP26.

Experts say her country, a Pacific island nation home to nearly 60,000 people, is particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels that could sink buildings linked to climate change.

Tina Stege is calling for the strengthening of language on fossil fuel subsidies, which she says are "paying for our own destruction".

She argues the need to keep global warming to 1.5C is "non-negotiable", adding: "Our safety, the safety of my children and yours hangs in the balance.

"This will be the decade that determines the rest of human history, we cannot let it slip by."

Read more about the Marshall Islands and climate change.

Image source, Getty Images

Before the day began we thought climate finance could be a sticking point and it appears it could be.

India expresses its "deep disappointment" at a lack of significant progress on finance agenda items and emphasises the urgency of more support for developing nations from developed ones.

In 2009, richer countries promised $100bn (£72bn) a year in climate finance for poorer countries by 2020, but that goal has still not been met. It is controversial because developed countries are responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions but developing countries will see the worst effects of climate change.

Also, India's representative says that developed countries must take a lead in phasing out all fossil fuels.

She says that the remaining "carbon budget" is first and foremost the right and entitlement of developing countries and says that developed nations must reach net zero emissions before 2050.

"Rapid mitigation" by developed countries is vital to keep 1.5C alive, she adds.

Read more about India and climate change.

Paul O'Hare
BBC Scotland News in Glasgow

Two protesters have just tried to scale the barriers in Glasgow's Finnieston Street outside COP26, aiming to gain access to the conference venue.

The pair were quickly apprehended and led away by police.

Image source, COP26

A representative for Kenya has explained to fellow delegates that 1.5C of warming is effectively double for much of Africa.

He says: "This is what we live in, is what our communities live through.

"So for us 1.5 is not just a statistic, it is a matter of life and death."

The negotiator adds that African countries, including Kenya, have "done their bit" on combatting climate changing within the "limited resources within their means".

Image source, Reuters

We've got some more now on what's happening inside the summit.

US climate envoy John Kerry tells the plenary session that COP26 needs to not be "a place of words - it has to be, in the next hours, a place of action".

"We believe that this is existential, and many of you here... have said it's existential," he says.

"And for many of you, it's not existential for the future - it's existential today. People are dying today. All around the world the impacts are being felt today."

He goes on to say that fossil fuel subsidies "have to go".

"We're the largest oil and gas producer in the world and we have some of those subsidies," he says, adding that US President Joe Biden had put in legislation to stop them.

"We're struggling for money, but $2.5tn in the last five years, six years, went into fossil fuel. That's the definition of insanity - we're there feeding the very problem we're here trying to solve."

But he defends introducing the terms "unabated coal power" and "inefficient fossil fuel subsidies" to the draft agreement - a decision which has proven controversial today. Kerry says that language "must stay".

Climate campaigners say the new language waters down action on fossil fuel companies.

• What does 'unabated coal power' mean?

Outside the conference venue in Glasgow climate protestors continue to urge delegates to make one final push to produce a meaningful outcome.

Image source, Getty Images

Image source, Getty Images

Image source, PA Media

Gabriela Bucher, Oxfam International's executive director, says the COP26 summit needs an outcome that commits countries to returning next year with stronger emission reduction targets.

"It is not good enough to just acknowledge loss and damage," she says. "It’s overdue and has to be addressed.”

The European Union executive vice-president Frans Timmermans says the 1.5C target is "about avoiding a future for our children and grandchildren which is unliveable".

He holds up a picture of his one-year-old grandson, who will be 31 in 2050, and says he fears he might have to "fight other human beings for water and food" if the world fails to properly tackle the climate emergency

He says: "This is personal, this isn't about politics."

We need to make sure major emitters reduce their emissions to keep "1.5 alive", he says, adding: "That needs to be at the heart of our conclusions today."

He says the EU is doing its part and adds that if it needs to do more it will.

The COP must also send a clear commitment to halt fossil fuel subsidies, he says, adding that the world needs to finally "turn the page on coal".

"Without these concrete steps our targets will be utterly meaningless," he says.

The EU has been criticised in some quarters for not taking a leading role in Glasgow.

Peru has given its latest update on how things are going, and said the negotiations at COP26 are "unbalanced" when it comes to discussing funding for poorer nations.

The negotiator for the South American country said she regretted that a proposal from China and the G77 - a coalition of 77 developing nations - to establish a loss and damage facility was not heard by the presidency or included in the draft agreement.

"This is a very unbalanced manner to proceed," she said.

This has long been a sticking point in climate negations. The term "loss and damage" refers to the harms caused by climate change - and developing countries have a long-standing goal to establish liability and compensation for this. Developed countries, however, have for years resisted calls to discuss the issue.

The negotiator for Papua New Guinea earlier said the agreement needed to be "equitable".

"The current text seems to leave [developing countries] without credit for the work they've done to contribute to global climate stability prior to 2020, and instead is benefiting countries with the most capacity and the most wealth," he said.

Meanwhile Costa Rica has said too much time is being spent in deliberations.

Image source, Getty Images

Image source, COP26

A stocktaking session is under way - that means nations are giving their latest take on how things are going.

The representative for Canada says that while his country has "not always been exemplary" when it comes to climate change negotiations, this is changing.

He says while Canada has put a series of measures in place "it is not enough" and says that his country is "the very incarnation of why we need strong language in this text".

He says he supports a "forceful" text on keeping 1.5C alive and says on loss and damages - reparations for damage caused by climate change - that the language does not reflect conversations that were happening last night.

He says he believes there could be a path forward on that.

Image source, Reuters

We're expecting to hear from COP26 president Alok Sharma shortly at a press conference, but in a statement opening debate to negotiators he said "urgent collective action" is needed today to finalise an agreement.

Sharma praises the “positive spirit” of the negotiations so far, with teams working throughout the night delivering "real results" so far.

He says the draft agreement published this morning was another step closer towards a "comprehensive, ambitious and balanced set of outcomes", but acknowledges more work is needed despite "extensive discussion".

Sharma adds: "A small number of key issues remain which require our urgent collective attention.

"We have come a long way over the past two weeks and now we need that final injection of can-do spirit present at this COP so we can get this shared endeavour over the line."

We're a long way from meeting needed target on emissionspublished at 13:00 Greenwich Mean Time 12 November 2021

13:00 GMT 12 November 2021

Chris Morris
BBC Reality Check

The aim for this COP was to see what could be done right now to make a difference to the amount of greenhouse gases produced this decade, to keep that 1.5C goal alive.

Greenhouse gas emissions basically need to be cut by half by 2030, and we are nowhere near that - even with all the pledges made here and what has come before. So we are a long, long way from meeting that path to 2030.

In that sense this conference has really struggled, but unfortunately the way these things work mean they are baby steps.

Negotiators are trying to write the rules that put the Paris Agreement into practice. Why that is important is because it is an international treaty, and once you agree the rules, they are binding rules on everybody.

One thing that looks likely to be included is that countries must review and provide updates on their greenhouse gas emissions annually.

Some say doing it every year is going to take a lot of resources, especially for smaller countries where money could be better spent elsewhere. But without that pressure on some of the bigger emitters, that process won’t be fast enough.

Image source, Reuters

As we've heard, the latest draft agreement has changed references to phasing out coal power, to phasing out "unabated" coal power.

It's just one extra word, but it makes a world of difference. So what does "unabated coal power" actually mean, and why is it causing controversy?

In short, unabated coal power refers to coal power that doesn't make use of special technology to reduce emissions - specifically, something called "carbon capture" technology.

Fuel companies investing in this tech say it will allow them to burn the same amount of coal, while limiting the amount of carbon actually released into the atmosphere.

But climate campaigners say fossil fuel companies are using the promise of having carbon capture technology in the future to avoid having limits put on their emissions in the present.

Murray Worthy, gas campaign leader at human rights organisation Global Witness, says the tech "has never materialised at scale", adding: "The false promise of [carbon capture] should not be used as an excuse to keep the coal industry alive.”

Justin Rowlatt
BBC News climate editor, in California

California has been besieged by wildfire this year.

Nearly 2.5 million acres had burnt by early November, nearly double the average over the past five years.

It has been taking a terrible toll on wildlife as well as human communities.

Giant sequoias – the largest trees on earth - can weigh more than 6,000 tonnes and can live for more than 3,000 years.

Our guide, Christy Brigham, bursts into tears when she sees the damage. She’s in charge of conserving these mighty organisms for the Sequoia National Park.

"Before 2015 no-one saw a sequoia that looked like this," she says as we stare at what looks like columns of charcoal. "You never saw a tree torch like this, become a candle and burn up in this way before."

That’s because giant sequoias are exquisitely adapted to fire. Their bark is up to a metre thick and full of insulating air pockets, their branches start some 30m from the ground, above all but the hottest fires.

But, thanks to climate change and a policy of suppressing small fires, conflagrations have been burning bigger and hotter.

Christy is fearful for the future for giant sequoias but hasn’t given up hope. "We need to act on climate change now and every little bit counts. Every reduction will help these forests persist," she says.

Image source, Reuters

We've heard a lot at COP26 about the lack of necessary funding to help poorer nations combat climate change. Just today that's been one of the issues raised by people reacting to the latest draft agreement.

And it's been a common sticking point throughout the summit. Poorer countries are, and will continue to be, the most impacted by climate change, while richer countries historically emitted a lot more carbon.

In July, more than 100 developing countries set out their key negotiating demands ahead of COP26. So what did they ask for?

• Emissions cuts: They called on countries with the biggest responsibility for climate change to accelerate efforts to reach net zero
• Finance: In 2009, richer countries promised $100bn (£72bn) a year in climate finance for poorer countries by 2020. The goal has still not been met and developing countries say it has to be if they are to trust richer countries to keep their side of the deal. At COP26, negotiations over this $100bn are still happening
• Adaptation: On that point, they also asked for at least 50% of climate finance to be spent on projects that help the most vulnerable adapt to the effects of global warming

“Our people are suffering in a variety of ways as a result of a crisis they did little to cause,” said Sonam P Wangdi, chairman of the negotiating group for the least developed countries.