A weekly update on Covid-19 cases, hospital admissions and deaths in Scotland.

That concludes our live coverage of all the latest coronavirus developments in Scotland today.

We'll be back in the morning. Have a good evening meantime and stay safe.

• There have been 23 additional positive cases in Scotland, which accounts for 0.9% of people newly tested.
• Provisional information is 15 of the 23 new cases are in the Grampian health board area.
• The number of cases in a cluster linked to an Aberdeen pub has risen to 32.
• No deaths were registered in the last 24 hours of people who tested positive, for the 19th day in a row. That total remains at 2,491.

Image source, PA Media

• Thousands of Scottish pupils have received worse results than expected after the country's exam body lowered 125,000 estimated grades - a quarter of the total.
• Education Secretary John Swinney says the results are robust and ensure the class of 2020 can say their grades have equal validity.
• Opposition politicians have warned that there will now be a "deluge" of appeals, and accused the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) of treating the professional judgement of teachers with "contempt".
• Volunteers are being sought for a "Scottish version" of a UK survey on how the coronavirus pandemic is affecting people's social behaviour.

David Shanks
BBC Scotland reporter

The number of cases of coronavirus linked to an Aberdeen pub has risen to 32 after the first minister issued a warning about the outbreak.

120 people have been contacted by Test and Protect teams. This is down from yesterday, but only because three people were instead included in the list of positive tests.

Dr Emmanual Okpo from NHS Grampian says they're working to find everyone connected: "Every individual who has received a detected result, we will contact. They should just be patient, and sit at home, self isolate, and we will get to them."

Several pubs in Aberdeen have announced closures, including Hawthorn Bar where this cluster originated.

Director at Siberia bar, Stuart McPhee, told us today they will be closing. He said: "There are so many variables that there is an element of risk. We manage our own risk and that at the moment is deemed to be too high."

Drivetime with John Beattie
BBC Radio Scotland

Image source, Scottish Parliament

Larry Flanagan, general secretary of Scotland’s largest teachers union the EIS, says many teachers who have had estimates overturned are angry.

While the appeals process might address some anomalies, "a number of teachers will feel their estimates have been undermined by a computer", he says.

When schools mark assessments themselves there can be "a bit of positive bias", Mr Flanagan says, but not to the extent that it would change an entire grade.

He expects everyone whose estimate has not been upheld will be making appeals, and if those are upheld, it would place "a huge question" over the SQA's modelling.

Ainsley Dougan shared with us how she felt on her exam results day, explaining she was "prepared for the worst".

Ainsley left school after fifth year and went on to college, before starting her own personal training business.

She also had some tough advice for her former self about school and exams.

Drivetime with John Beattie
BBC Radio Scotland

Image source, PA Media

Education Secretary John Swinney reiterates that 75% of teacher estimates were accepted.

But had they all been accepted there would have been questions about the increase in pass rates, he says.

"Fairness to all learners was at the heart of the approach that was selected so that regardless of your circumstances around the country, you would be treated with fairness," the deputy first minister insists.

These are a set of results which are robust, command confidence and ensure the generation of 2020 can say their results have equal validity to others, he says.

On appeals, Mr Swinney confirms those who need grades to get into college or university in September will be prioritised.

Drivetime with John Beattie
BBC Radio Scotland

Iain Gray, Scottish Labour’s education spokesman, said the SQA and John Swinney were warned not to downgrade results based on historic performance of their school "and that is exactly what they have done".

While students and teachers have risen to the challenge of a very difficult year, he says, many pupils have been "ill-served" by the moderation scheme the SQA used.

"If we have a system of teacher assessments, we have to trust those teacher assessments, as has happened in other countries like France," says Mr Gray.

Pupils in more deprived areas were twice as likely to have their grades reduced than contemporaries in schools in better-off parts of Scotland, he ventures.

Drivetime with John Beattie
BBC Radio Scotland

Image source, Getty Images

Xander from Drumchapel received 3 As and 2 Bs in his Highers today, but was predicted to get all As by his teachers.

He says: "It is a bit annoying because I know if I'd taken the exam I would have got an A in it."

He believes he was marked down because of how his school as a whole has performed in previous years. His mum Helen adds: "I don't think the kids should be penalised because of where they come from."

Erin Bartley, who has been answering calls to the Skills Development Scotland helpline all day, says she has heard of "a lot of anomalies" relating to prelim grades versus final grades. She says many are therefore planning to appeal.

The World Health Organization has urged Russia to follow international guidelines for producing a vaccine against Covid-19 after the country said it would begin vaccinations in October.

"Sometimes individual researchers claim they have found something, which is of course, as such, great news," WHO spokesman Christian Lindmeier told reporters on Tuesday.

"But between finding or having a clue of maybe having a vaccine that works, and having gone through all the stages, is a big difference."

Last week, the Russian government announced it was preparing to begin mass vaccinations.

However, the Russian vaccine is not among the WHO's list of six vaccines that have reached phase three clinical trials, which involve more widespread testing in humans.

Spoken word artist Steven McLeish has some words of encouragement for those receiving results today.

Drivetime with John Beattie
BBC Radio Scotland

Image source, PA Media

While some students are celebrating today, others are "distraught" with their results, with 133,000 adjusted by the SQA from the initial estimates submitted by teachers - and 93.1% of those adjusted down.

Jane, a biology tutor from Hamilton, says many of her pupils have been left devastated.

"Unfortunately because some schools are not performing well in STEM subjects, they have had their marks downgraded," she tells BBC Radio Scotland.

"It is not a fantastic incentive for those who have worked so hard to improve their results."

She says some teenagers may knuckle down, but others will just give up.

"I've spoken to some distraught people today who have been downgraded," she adds. "I am absolutely devastated for them. They are taking it very badly."

One Edinburgh pupil, Kirsty, was awarded two As in Higher Spanish and Advanced Higher Maths. But she did not pass Advanced Higher French – despite receiving a C in preliminary exams.

She said she can’t work out how SQA have calculated that grade. She was predicted 3 As in October and said she was quite shocked when she receive her grades this morning.

She said: “A majority of my class were native speakers so I know that in a ranking of the class I would be quite far down the list but I know I would have improved from the prelim (which I passed) to the final exam and I am quite disappointed, especially as I have achieved straight As all through school.”

Kirsty is concerned an appeal will not make a difference for her because the preliminary exam is the only piece of evidence she has under exam conditions. She said: “The problem is it is now so exam based. A few years ago we would have done unit tests throughout the year – now we don’t do that.”

Thankfully, Kirsty already has an unconditional offer for St Andrews University.

Emma Barnett
BBC 5 Live

Image source, Google

Monday was the first day of the Eat Out to Help Out , external- the UK government promotion that offers half price dining from Monday to Wednesday during August

John Quigley told Five Live's Emma Barnett his Red Onion restaurant in Glasgow was busy all day and at times the level of business was almost overwhelming.

The Treasury will be picking up a £900 tab for the day under the scheme which aims to help restaurants get back on their feet after lockdown.

Drivetime with John Beattie
BBC Radio Scotland

Pass or fail, the Scottish exam system has been put to the test today as scores of pupils - and teachers - didn't get the grades they expected.

Despite no exams taken, the pass rate is the highest it has been for seven years - and yet just under a quarter of Scottish pupils had their results downgraded from their teacher's predictions.

Drivetime will be asking: Were teachers over-estimating?

As hundreds of appeals are expected to be lodged in the coming days, the programme will discuss whether the most deprived schools lost out.

And is the class of 2020 is doomed to fail?

Tune into BBC Radio Scotland from 16:00, or by clicking on the play icon above.

Thousands of Scottish school pupils have received worse results than they had been expecting after the country's exam body lowered 125,000 estimated grades - a quarter of the total.

Exams were cancelled for the first time in history due to the coronavirus.

Results were worked out using estimates made by teachers based on the pupil's performance over the school year.

However, a national moderation system meant that many pupils received lower grades than originally estimated.

Many pupils have spoken of their disappointment at being given lower grades than they had achieved in prelim exams, with some claiming they have suffered because they are from less affluent areas.

Read more here.