Summary

  • Join the countdown to the final, dramatic 13-minute descent

  • Fifty years ago, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first humans to set foot on the Moon

  • Four days earlier, on 16 July 1969 Armstrong, Aldrin and Michael Collins had been propelled into orbit

  1. Lunar landmarkspublished at 21:09 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

    "Our position checks downrange show us to be a little long."

    Neil Armstrong realises he'll miss the target landing site.

    Before the launch, he wrote a checklist of lunar landmarks and has been timing their appearance from his view from the window.

  2. Moving too fastpublished at 21:08 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

    Eagle is moving faster than expected, so Guidance Officer Steve Bales alerts his boss.

    If its speed increases by much more, they’ll have to abort the mission.

    Staff assess the data available.

  3. The 'third man'published at 21:06 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

    Michael Collins - often called the "third man" in the Apollo 11 mission - is on the Columbia command module orbiting the moon.

    He has reassuring words for mission control: "You should have him now, Houston."

  4. 'We've lost them'published at 21:05

    "Columbia, Houston, we've lost them.”

    Charlie Duke is capsule communicator - he's in mission control acting liaising with the astronauts in space.

    Just 20 seconds into the descent, the communication link between the lunar module and his team in Houston breaks down.

    Charlie Duke sitting at a deskImage source, Getty Images
    Image caption,

    Charlie Duke in mission control on 20 July 1969

  5. The 13 minutes beginpublished at 21:05

    "Ignition.10%."

    Buzz Aldrin's words mark the start of Eagle's final descent to the Moon, four days after the astronauts left Earth.

    Follow the live stream above to experience the crucial 13 minutes that took humans to the Moon, 50 years ago, minute by minute.

  6. Apollo 11 glossary - the terms you might hearpublished at 20:59 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

    When you listen to the recording of mission control and the astronauts descending to the Moon, you may hear a number of unfamiliar acronyms and expressions. This explains some of the more common ones:

    ACA out of Detent - Attitude Control Assembly. Essentially it’s Aldrin saying he’s stopped the thruster jets from firing which control Eagle’s orientation.

    CAPCOM - Capsule Communicator

    Delta-H - A critical measurement of Eagle’s altitude for the landing attempt

    EECOM - Electrical, Environmental and Communications Officer

    FIDO - Flight Dynamics Officer

    GNC - Guidance, Navigation and Controls Officer (pronounced: Gin-see)

    Go/no Go - A call from a flight controller to state whether their systems are functioning well enough for the mission to proceed

    MSFN - The Manned Space Flight Network

    P64 - Computer program that will guide the crew through the landing site approach phase

    PDI - Powered Descent Initiation

    Slew - A particular setting for the spacecraft communications system. It enables the high gain antenna to be moved, in an attempt to get the best line of sight with Earth

    Yaw - Side to side movement of the spacecraft in the horizontal plane

    There's also a guide available to some of the key figures from the Apollo 11 mission.

  7. The far side of the Moonpublished at 20:58 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

    Pink Floyd’s 1973 album may have popularised the term The Dark Side of the Moon. But those in the know call it the "far" side, referring to the part of the moon that is always facing away from Earth.

    It was significant during the Apollo space programme, because when astronauts were on this side of the Moon during their orbit, they were unable to communicate with mission control. The Moon was blocking the signal between the spacecraft and earth.

    Quote Message

    You have to think about that, over five billion people – everything I ever knew – I could hide behind my thumb

    James Lovell, Astronaut, Apollo 8

    The Apollo 8 mission, just eight months before Apollo 11, marked the first time a crew travelled beyond Earth’s orbit and actually travelled around the Moon for the first time - further from Earth than anyone had ever been before. Nasa called this TLI or trans-lunar injection; inserting spacecraft into the orbit of the moon.

    The Earth, rising over the Moon's horizonImage source, Nasa
    Image caption,

    Earth Rise, taken by William Anders from Apollo 8

    Quote Message

    As I looked at the Earth, I saw it’s just a small body, a small planet in our solar system… a mere speck in the galaxy – and it’s lost to oblivion in the universe

    James Lovell, Astronaut, Apollo 8

    It was a bold mission, and the three astronauts on board - Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders - had to face questions from the media about whether they feared getting lost in space. But they succeeded, paving the way for the Apollo 11 route, and providing the world with one of the most famous photographs ever taken, Earth Rise.

  8. The Moon landing - on a smaller scalepublished at 20:57 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

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  9. 'My initial reaction was to be a little underwhelmed'published at 20:55 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

    I was five years old and living in Malaysia.

    I clearly remember my dad lifting me up in his arms, excitedly walking out into the front garden and pointing up to the Moon.

    He asked if I could see the astronauts and told me how a powerful rocket had successfully flown some Americans to the Moon.

    My initial reaction was to be a little underwhelmed but because my dad was clearly so excited, I realised that it must have been a big deal.

    I am grateful that my dad included me in his little celebration of the occasion; it makes me feel like I was a witness to a part of history, even if it was from afar.

    Angie Chong, San Jose, US

  10. The moment they left Michael Collins behindpublished at 20:52 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

    In orbit 60 miles above the moon, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin begin preparations for their descent to the lunar surface.

    They’re on board Eagle – the lunar module which has just separated from the command module, Columbia.

    Media caption,

    As Eagle begins its descent, Collins remains in orbit, on hand if the lunar module has a problem

    Watching Eagle drift slowly away from him is the pilot of the command module, Michael Collins, who says farewell to his commander.

    When he sealed Armstrong and Aldrin into the lunar module, he knew that he might be the last person to see them alive.

    If something catastrophic happened – he would have to return to earth alone.

  11. The route they tookpublished at 20:51

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  12. 'Wouldn't have been possible without' Nasa womenpublished at 20:47 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

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  13. The fourth astronautpublished at 20:44 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

    It was a device the world had never seen before. The Apollo guidance computer was the electronic brain that navigated the spacecraft to the lunar surface; without it we may never have landed humans on the Moon.

    Apollo guidance computerImage source, Draper

    Much like auto-pilot mode on an aeroplane, the computer could control the craft’s speed and direction of travel.

    An engineer stringing the sense inhibiting wiring component of the Apollo Guidance ComputerImage source, Draper
    Image caption,

    An engineer stringing the sense inhibiting wiring component of the Apollo Guidance Computer erasable memory

    Two-digit commands were punched into a keypad that looked like the pad on a microwave oven - there was no computer screen. The computer would then generate a code that the astronauts had been trained to interpret.

    Margaret Hamilton holding a switch on a computerImage source, Draper
    Image caption,

    Margaret Hamilton worked in computer science and software engineering

    One of the secrets to the device’s success was its size and simplicity. Before, computer mainframes had been the size of buildings. Apollo’s computer was the size of a couple of shoe boxes, but still very powerful.

    But communicating with the computer from Earth was a lengthy and difficult process.

    Media caption,

    Elaine Denniston's ability to spot errors in the code was crucial to the landing

    It required a large team - mainly made up of women - to turn hand-edited code on stacks of paper scattered across the control office into punch cards.

    The large computers would relay the information off the cards and send it to the Apollo guidance computer. It was vintage programming and heralded the dawn of the computer and digital age we sometimes take for granted today.

  14. The second man to step outpublished at 20:41

    Buzz AldrinImage source, Nasa

    Born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr in 1930, Buzz would always find himself in an orbit of adventure.

    He studied mechanical engineering and went on to fly in the Korean War before being selected by Nasa for the Apollo programme.

    Buzz Aldrin and Jim Lovell by a helicopterImage source, NASA
    Image caption,

    Buzz Aldrin and Jim Lovell flew on Gemini XII, the final mission of the Gemini programme

    Buzz Aldrin’s role in the Apollo 11 mission extended further than being the second person to set foot on the Moon.

    As well as piloting the lunar module, he pioneered docking and rendezvous techniques for spacecrafts and introduced underwater training methods to help astronauts prepare for zero-gravity situations.

    Buzz Aldrin salutingImage source, NASA
    Image caption,

    Buzz Aldrin pictured in 2019

    Buzz Aldrin would go on to start his own business, feature in cameo film roles and even star in a rap song with Snoop Dog.

    He is an advocate for space programmes aiming for a return to the moon and human visits to Mars.

  15. What went wrong with Apollo 11?published at 20:39 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

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  16. The astronauts going to the International Space Station todaypublished at 20:32 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

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  17. Neil Armstrong 'was the ideal man' to leadpublished at 20:29

    Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins is certain that his commander, Neil Armstrong, was the right person for the job.

    Media caption,

    'He was the ideal man to represent our country, our planet'

  18. 'This was a special event, so he charged more'published at 20:24 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

    Karl Garver emailed BBC Mundo to share his memory of watching the Moon landing.

    I was 10 years old and I saw it on Mr Tipacti's TV.

    He was the only neighbour who had a black and white TV, with an antenna about four metres long, on the roof of the house.

    He ran a business, charging people a few coins to watch TV programmes, sitting on the floor in his living room.

    This was a special event, so he charged more.

    Karl Garver as a boyImage source, Karl Garver
    Image caption,

    Karl Garver remembers applauding when Armstrong stepped on the Moon

    Mr Tipacti’s room was packed with at least 60 people, with some even standing in the corridors, or wherever they could get a glimpse of the TV.

    It was unforgettable.

    On TV they kept on repeating Neil Armstrong’s name and when they said he was "the first man on the moon", we all applauded with real excitement.

    Karl Garver, Lima, Peru

  19. 'Hidden figures' in the Apollo programmepublished at 20:20 British Summer Time 20 July 2019

    Taraji P Henson, playing Katherine Johnson, writing on a blackboardImage source, Twentieth Century Fox
    Image caption,

    Taraji P Henson played Katherine Johnson in the film Hidden Figures

    Starting in the 1930s, Nasa employed a large pool of female mathematicians to work as "human computers". Nasa recruited African-American women to these roles during World War Two, but unlike other organisations, kept these women on when the conflict finished.

    When the first digital computers were incorporated into the space programme, these women went on to become some of Nasa’s first coders and programmers.

    Katherine Johnson at a deskImage source, NASA
    Image caption,

    'I loved going to work every single day,' said Katherine Johnson

    One of these women, Katherine Johnson, external, joined Nasa in 1953, as portrayed in the in the 2016 film Hidden Figures. Johnson is best known for calculating the trajectory of the first American in space in 1961 and did the same for the Apollo 11 mission.

    In 2015, Katherine Johnson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, America’s highest civilian honour, by President Barack Obama.

    "I counted everything,” she said. "I counted the steps to the road, the steps up to church, the number of dishes and silverware I washed… anything that could be counted, I did."

  20. 'The ugliest flying machine'published at 20:16

    "You know, there's an old saying in aviation that 'if it looks good it flies good.' And this [the lunar module] has to be the exception to the rule," said Neil Armstrong in an interview with CBS, external in 2005.

    "Because it flew very well. But it is probably the ugliest flying machine that was ever designed."

    Diagram showing the command module and the lunar module

    It took two spacecraft to complete the Apollo 11 mission, launched together on top of the gigantic Saturn V rocket. One was the command and service module - Apollo’s mothership, Columbia - where Michael Collins remained for the duration.

    The second spacecraft was the lunar module, called Eagle, which took Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin down to the surface.