Image source, Getty Images

We've been concentrating on the speech from Barack Obama for the past hour but, away from the former US president, meetings on today's theme continue. It's "Adaptation, Loss and Damage", a confusing term that boils down to how countries will adapt to climate change and who will pay for it.

It's a very sensitive topic because developing countries on the climate frontline - going underwater or facing extreme heat - have been screaming for help for years.

That's where "climate finance" comes in - money that poorer countries can access to pay for adapting to the damage and the loss caused by climate change. (Like the billions and even trillions announced last week).

Experts from developing countries spoke at lunchtime about what still needs to happen in Glasgow:

Image source, Reuters

Addressing young people, Obama says: "I want you to stay angry, I want you stay frustrated. But channel that anger, harness that frustration."

He closes his speech by saying that if countries follow through on their commitments, "I believe we can secure a better future".

"I’m ready for the long haul if you are, so let’s get to work," he finishes, with many audience members giving him a standing ovation.

Barack Obama says that transitioning from dirty energy to clean energy "does have a cost". He says it's "not unreasonable" for people who are economically vulnerable to think that some of those costs will be borne by them "not by the more powerful and the privileged".

He says that's why when it comes to climate change a country like the US does have to do more than countries like Mali or Bangladesh.

"We need to make sure the people most affected by the transition to clean energy aren't the ones bearing the most cost," he says.

Obama says he can afford to give up a lot of his lifestyle to benefit the planet because he will still have a lot left but others "don't have that cushion".

Obama says young people have the power to persuade their older family members "to rethink their position or at least be more open-minded".

"It won't be enough to simply mobilise the converted. It won't be enough to preach to the choir," he says, adding that we must also persuade people who don't agree with us or are "indifferent".

To achieve this, "we have to do a little more listening", he says.

"We can't just yell at them or say they’re ignorant... We have to listen to their objections."

Obama says there are plenty of things that young people can do that "won't require devoting your entire life to the cause but will make a difference".

He says that if they are eligible to vote they should vote the issue - "vote like your life depends on it because it does".

"The cold hard fact is we won't have more ambitious climate plans coming out of governments unless governments feel some pressure from voters," he says.

Image source, Reuters

Barack Obama shares some advice from his mother who told him "don't sulk, get busy, get to work and change what needs to be changed".

"Luckily that's exactly what young people around the world are doing right now," he says.

He says that two years ago Greta Thunberg inspired people to join the largest climate demonstrations in decades.

"The world is full of Gretas," he says.

Read more: Sometimes you need to anger people, says Greta Thunberg

Obama goes on to criticise the Republican Party for "sitting on the sidelines" and expressing "active hostility towards climate science," making it a "partisan issue".

"That's got to stop," he says, adding that saving the planet "isn't a partisan issue" and climate change can't be seen "just as an opportunity to score political points".

To applause from the audience, he says the "most important energy in this movement is coming from young people".

Obama adds that young people are "right to be frustrated" because his generation has not done enough to tackle climate change.

Obama says the "world has to step up and it has to step up now".

He says that he doesn't have all the answers and admits there are times when he feels discouraged and the future seems bleak.

"There are times where I'm doubtful that humanity can get its act together before it is too late," he says.

But he says "we can't afford hopelessness" and adds that we'll have to summon the passion and activism of citizens "to push governments, companies and everyone else to meet this challenge".

He says that's what allowed the US to meet climate goals when "even when we didn't have much leadership on it".

"It was ordinary Americans making their voices heard," he says.

Image source, PA Media

Obama goes on to say that most nations have failed to be "as ambitious as they need to be".

"The escalation, the ratcheting up of ambition that we anticipated in Paris six years ago has not been realised," he says.

He says it's particularly discouraging to see the leaders of "two of world's largest emitters China and Russia decline to even attend the proceedings".

He says their national plans appear to show a "dangerous lack of urgency".

Obama says there have been a number of "significant accomplishments" at the summit, including agreements on methane, deforestation and help for poorer countries.

But he stresses the signatories have to follow through and these commitments must be tracked.

He also adds that progress is "partial" and most nations have failed to be as "ambitious" as they need to be.

Reality Check

Obama was in office when the US signed the Paris agreement in 2015 to limit greenhouse gas emissions to keep global temperature rises below 2C, and preferably to 1.5C

He committed the US to cut its emissions by at least 26% from their 2005 levels by 2025.

Under him, emissions fell by just over 4%, and then jumped up again slightly after he was replaced by President Trump in 2017

Trump pulled out of the Paris agreement, although the US has now rejoined it.

As of 2019, which is the latest available data, the US had cut its emissions by almost 12% from 2005 levels.

But they were still about 2% higher than they were in 1990.

Since taking over in 2021, President Biden has set a new, more ambitious target of at least a 50% reduction in emissions from 2005 levels by 2030.

In an assessment made before the Glasgow climate conference, Climate Action Tracker said US actions and policies were "insufficient", external, needing "substantial improvement" to meet the Paris agreement targets

Image source, PA Media

Barack Obama says "the US is back" in the climate change fight.

He says Congress has passed President Biden's bipartisan infrastructure bill which he says will create green jobs and adds he is confident that a version of the Build Back Better bill will pass in the coming weeks.

He says this will set the US on course to achieve its target of achieving a 50-52% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.

And he says that the US is not alone in being bold, pointing to pledges from the UK, EU, South Korea and Canada.

Obama says that Paris showed it was possible and important work has been done in Glasgow too.

But he says "we are nowhere near where we need to be yet".

Obama now criticises his successor Donald Trump, saying progress on climate change in the US "stalled" when he decided to pull out of the Paris agreement.

However, he says a "determination" from state and local governments, as well as regulation and investment, allowed the country to keep moving forward "despite hostility from the White House".

With President Biden now rejoining the agreement, Obama says the US government is "once again engaged and prepared to take a leadership role".

Obama says "meaningful progress" on climate change has been made since the Paris agreement in 2015, and praises the efforts of US climate envoy John Kerry.

But he says the world is "still falling short".

Obama says the aim of the Paris deal was to give the planet a "fighting chance" and that by some measures, it was a success.

He says the private sector has followed national governments in making net-zero pledges, and that this isn't just because it's the right thing to do but also because it helps their bottom line.

He also points to the banking sector and cities around the world signing up to climate pledges.

• EXPLAINED: Why is the Paris climate agreement important?

Image source, COP26

Former US President Barack Obama receives a rapturous applause as he begins his speech in Glasgow.

He says it's wonderful to be in the UK and jokes that it's wonderful to be able to travel anywhere these days - referring to the Covid pandemic.

He says he is here to talk about what has happened in the six years since the climate change conference in Paris.

"When it comes to climate time really is running out," he says.

Why does it take so long for change to be implemented?published at 14:10 Greenwich Mean Time 8 November 2021

14:10 GMT 8 November 2021

Peter Betts
Former lead climate negotiator for the UK and the EU

We have been reporting on world leaders talking about net zero targets by 2050. Gemma-Kirstie, 36, from Hove in Sussex, wants to know why can't we have small targets to work towards in the short-term.

Net-zero 2050 goals have a lot of value, but I put much more emphasis on 2030.

Relatively short-term targets matter more than long-term targets because they need action now.

But you wouldn't want COP to come together to discuss lots of little policies. Their role is to set overall targets which are then cascaded down. You really do need a global, broad brush framework.

As we've been reporting, former US President Barack Obama is in Glasgow today, and he's due to give a speech to the conference very shortly.

Earlier he addressed a panel discussing the risk faced by islands from climate change. He made reference to his successor, President Donald Trump, as well as the difficulty of doing politics in the US as the current president's climate proposals have been held up in Congress.

We'll bring you what Obama has to say right here.

What impact do poorer nations have on COP?published at 13:56 Greenwich Mean Time 8 November 2021

13:56 GMT 8 November 2021

Peter Betts
Former lead climate negotiator for the UK and the EU

Lots of you have asked about the role under-developed and poorer countries play in COP26. Navein, 20, from Malaysia, says: "What influence do these nations have during the negotiation process?"

The vulnerable countries, the small island nations, least developed countries and others do have enormous moral weight in terms of building pressure.

But there is a big spectrum of opinion within developing countries. Many emerging economies - like many developed countries - put much more emphasis on preserving their economic growth than they do on tackling emissions.

Image source, Getty Images

Fewer than 50 arrests have been made during the first week of COP26, with police praising the majority of "good natured" marchers who took part in a demonstration on Saturday.

Assistant Chief Constable Gary Ritchie says the relationship between protesters and the police has been "largely non-contentious".

A series of small protests took place in Glasgow last week before about 100,000 people joined the march on Saturday.

Police praised the majority of marchers who took part, in the procession from Kelvingrove Park to Glasgow Green.

Officers made 22 arrests at the event - one after a socialist group were contained and the rest after protesters chained themselves on a bridge.

A small number of people were also arrested earlier in the week during an Extinction Rebellion demonstration where activists tried to force their way into the offices of the SSE energy company.

What happens when a country breaks its promises?published at 13:36 Greenwich Mean Time 8 November 2021

13:36 GMT 8 November 2021

Peter Betts
Former lead climate negotiator for the UK and the EU

From Manchester, 77-year-old Richard Harvey wants to know what should be done when a country makes a commitment and then goes back on its word.

There are no compliance penalties in the Paris regime. The whole project works on naming and shaming and peer pressure. That is why getting transparency on who breaks their target promises is so important.

The EU/UK would have preferred a more robust system but there was no way countries such as the US, China and India were willing to agree to this when Paris was negotiated.

If such countries come to see climate as a first-order issue, then we might get a system with more teeth and a more robust regime to deal with countries who don't deliver on what they said they would.