US and European government sources told Reuters news agency, external that they believed the Iranians had deliberately sought to minimise casualties and avoid hitting US facilities in order to prevent the crisis escalating out of control, while still signalling their resolve.

CNN journalist Jake Tapper quoted a Pentagon official as saying that Iran "deliberately chose targets that would not result in loss of life".

The BBC's defence correspondent Jonathan Marcus said: “Whether this was by design, or just due to shortcomings with the manufacture and accuracy of their missiles, as yet remains unclear.”

“However, launching long range missiles against US bases is a risky way of making a point.”

He added: “Looking at the initial civilian satellite pictures of the impacts of the Iranian missiles at Al Asad air base, they appear to have destroyed several structures, so the lack of casualties could be as much by luck rather than design.”

Iran’s Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC) said it launched attacks on Iraqi bases housing US forces in retaliation for the US drone strike in Baghdad last Friday that killed the top Iranian general, Qasem Soleimani.

An IRGC statement said “tens of surface-to-surface missiles” were launched early on Wednesday “to crush the occupied air base of terrorist and aggressor army of the US in Al Asad”, the hub for American military operations in western Iraq.

Iran’s Tasnim news agency, which is close to the IRGC, reported that Fateh-313 and Qiam missiles were used in the attack , and that US forces failed to intercept them because they were equipped with cluster warheads. The warheads also caused “tens of explosions” at Al Asad, it said.

Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, called the attack a “slap in the face” for the Americans. But he said it was more important to end the US military presence in the region.

President Donald Trump said US forces suffered no casualties as a result of the Iranian missile attacks and the bases sustained “only minimal damage”.

He credited “the precautions taken, the dispersal of forces, and an early warning system that worked very well”, and declared that “Iran appears to be standing down”.

Eleven Ukrainians, including all nine crew, died on the Ukraine International Airlines flight from Tehran to Kyiv, Ukrainian officials said.

The county's foreign minister, Vadym Prystaiko, thanked Canada, which lost 63 citizens in the disaster, some with dual nationality.

The crash came just hours after the Iranian missile strike on Iraq military bases used by the US.There was no evidence that the two incidents were linked.

Officials have confirmed that 63 Canadians were on board the passenger jet that crashed early on Wednesday on its way to Ukraine from Tehran. The crash is thought to have killed all 176 people on board.

A Toronto realtor on holiday with his wife, and at least 10 students from four Ontario universities were among those killed, Canadian media reported.

And at least 30 of the Canadian victims hailed from Edmonton, Alberta, local media said, most with ties to the University of Alberta, including two University of Alberta professors travelling with their two young daughters.

Reza Akbari, the president of the city's Iranian Heritage Society told the Edmonton Journal, external that he was in "shock" at the news.

"I can tell you pretty much every Iranian in Edmonton knew some of them, so it’s very devastating," Akbari said.

Online tributes poured in for the victims, identified as university students, professors and professionals coming back to Canada after the winter holiday.

Image source, FiveThirtyEight poll

President Trump has received praise for his measured speech this morning, appearing to de-escalate tensions with Iran.

But has it helped his popularity?

According to FiveThirtyEight - a statistics-based news website - the answer is not much.

Throughout the US-Iranian conflict of the past week, FiveThirtyEight has found Trump's approval sitting steady - at around 41.9%, while his disapproval rating remains at around 53.3%.

A look at the headlines across major US outlets.

Image source, Fox News

Image source, New York Times

Image source, Washington Post

Image source, USA Today

Image source, WSJ

Image source, Getty Images

UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson spoke with President Trump today, the White House has confirmed.

It said the two leaders discussed "the current situation in the Middle East and agreed to continue close coordination in support of shared national security interests."

UK Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab is set to meet with US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo this evening. The meeting had originally been expected to take place on Thursday.

In his speech, Mr Trump called for the UK and other countries to "break away from the remnants of the Iran deal".

"We must all work together toward making a deal with Iran that makes the world a safer and more peaceful place,” he said.

Several of the candidates hoping to oust Donald Trump from the White House this November have also chimed in about the president's remarks.

Joe Walsh, a Republican challenging Trump for the party's nomination, said "we can't believe anything this president says".

Jonathan Marcus
BBC Diplomatic and defence correspondent

President Trump’s speech was a curious amalgam of threats, bluster – and a touch of de-escalation. Nonetheless he still slapped-on more economic sanctions against Tehran. He triumphed in the killing of General Suleimani, who he described as “the world’s top terrorist.” But there were essentially three key messages.

First, de-escalation. There were no US casualties caused by the Iranian missile strikes. He said that Iran was “standing down”, presumably returning its deployed missile forces to their bases. He did not threaten an immediate US response.

Second, the nuclear deal. He called upon the other parties to the nuclear agreement - the JCPOA - which the US long-ago abandoned, to similarly give it up as a bad job.

Third, stressing US energy independence, he called upon Nato countries “to become much more involved in the Middle East process”. This will inevitably be seen as another signal that the US is tiring of its role in the region and that will not be welcomed by his allies either in the Middle East or in Nato.

So this was a speech full of Trumpian contradiction and the few references to a brighter future for the Iranian people provided little tangible hope of any new diplomatic initiative. In the wake of the US drone attack and Iran’s missile strikes, it appears to be back to business as usual.

Senior US Democrats have told reporters that no schedule has been set yet for voting on a war powers resolution to limit President Trump's military actions regarding Iran.

The officials said the legislation was still being drafted.

Democratic lawmakers want to put a check on the president's powers after he failed to inform Congress ahead of the US drone strike that killed Soleimani.

Top Democrat Nancy Pelosi has said the resolution will be introduced this week. , external

Sir Simon Fraser, a former senior foreign office diplomat, spoke to the BBC ahead of Mr Tump's speech about the consequences of the killing of Qasem Soleimani.

The president's re-election campaign texted out a link to supporters after his televised address asking them to rate his performance.

Other questions on the poll included: "Do you feel safer under President Trump's leadership?"

And, "Who do you think is most fit to serve as Commander-in-Chief of the United States?" with the options to answer either "President Trump" or "A terrorist-apologist Democrat".

The campaign pushed out hundreds of different Facebook ads days after Mr Trump ordered the strike that killed Qasem Soleimani, praising the "swift actions of our commander in chief".

The BBC spoke to people inside Iran about what they thought of the missile attack. Here are a few of the responses.

"This attack had to be done. War is not good but the USA has been a big bully lately. It had to be stopped. I am sure that Iran won’t take further steps." - Ramis

"Iran’s attack was pathetic. One of the country’s biggest commanders was killed and in revenge, they [launch an] attack with no significant damage or casualties ...This was like a failed test for Iran and from now, Israel and the US can do anything." - Afshin

"It was just some action to show the Iranian people that we took revenge. Both Iran and the US know the region’s current situation and neither wants to go to war. It was just a political act to start negotiations." - Nazanin

"This attack was necessary. The US should know that if they want to harm us it won’t be without an answer." - Mohammad

UK Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab has landed in Washington DC for a talks with senior members of Congress and a meeting with Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.

"A chance to discuss the importance of the UK/US security partnership and the need to de-escalate the situation in Iraq," he wrote on Twitter.

Aleem Maqbool
BBC North America correspondent

Image source, Getty Images

The missile launch may have been the most direct assault by Iran on the US for decades, but the apparent lack of casualties gave Donald Trump an opportunity to de-escalate tensions – one that he appears to have taken.

The US President had previously promised to respond to an attack on any American target “quickly and fully” and in his words “perhaps in a disproportionate manner”.

But – in a statement at the White House, surrounded by top officials – he said the attacks in Irbil and close to Baghdad constituted Iran “standing down”.

He even talked of the US and Iran working together to counter the Islamic State group.

Of course, there may be more retaliation to come from Tehran for the killing of its top general Qasem Soleimani, but the threat of all out war appears have diminished a little.