Amphan: Cyclone wreaks deadly havoc in India and Bangladesh

A woman cycles through heavy rain as Cyclone Amphan approaches Kolkata.

Cyclone Amphan has made landfall in eastern India and Bangladesh, killing at least 15 people as it lashed coastal areas with ferocious wind and rain.

Trees were uprooted and homes toppled in both countries, including in the Indian city of Kolkata in West Bengal.

Nearly three million people were evacuated - most of them in Bangladesh - before the severe storm hit.

Coronavirus restrictions have been hampering emergency and relief efforts.

Covid-19 and social-distancing measures have made mass evacuations more difficult for authorities, with shelters unable to be used to full capacity.

The storm is the first super cyclone to form in the Bay of Bengal since 1999. Though its winds have now weakened, it is still classified as a very severe cyclone.

People rushed for shelter in Kolkata as the cyclone approached

"Our estimate is that some areas 10-15km from the coast could be inundated," said Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, the head of India's meteorological department.

Amphan began hitting the Sundarbans, a mangrove area around the India-Bangladesh border home to four million people on Wednesday afternoon, before carving north and north-eastwards towards Kolkata, a historic city that was the capital of the British Raj.

It was moving with winds gusting up to 185km/h (115mph). Amphan is expected to move further into Bangladesh on Thursday, and later Bhutan.

Meteorologists warn there could be up to 300mm more rainfall to come, which could increase the risk of flooding and deadly mudslides.

Satya Narayan Pradhan, director general of India's National Disaster Response Force, told the BBC the impact had been "fairly devastating", especially in poor areas.

Although it had been hard to keep people apart during evacuations, social distancing is being enforced at cyclone shelters, along with hygiene protocols, he said.

'I was nearly blown away'

Amitabha Bhattasali, BBC Bengali, Kolkata

Kolkata has been facing the full force of Cyclone Amphan since it made landfall several hours ago.

My building has lost electricity. The telephone network is gone so I'm here with a candle. The mobile network is running. But the situation just outside my window is terrifying - I went outside to try to record something and was nearly blown away.

I'm getting reports from across the city as well as from coastal districts that the situation is pretty bad there. Thousands of trees and electricity poles are down.

When the last super cyclone struck in 1999 I was travelling on a train and was stuck for two days. At one point, I thought we'd be blown away.

How much devastation this cyclone has caused we'll get to know only in the morning.

Kolkata residents said it was the worst storm they had experienced in decades. They spoke of flooded homes, electricity transformers exploding and power cuts. One man told the BBC the boundary walls of his condominium had collapsed.

"I am in my house. I have been prepared for a while. But I've never seen a storm as bad as this," said one resident, Pooja Kaur. "There is no power at the moment."

Earlier, a Bangladesh Red Crescent volunteer helping villagers to evacuate became the first fatality after the boat he was in capsized in strong winds, the organisation said.

Bangladesh has reported four other deaths. In India, media reported 10 fatalities, including a child in the state of Orissa (also known as Odisha), who was killed after the mud wall of his family's home collapsed.

In the Sundarbans, also a rich habitat for Bengal tigers, houses "look like they have been run over by a bulldozer", a villager called Babul Mondal told the FP news agency.

• Why Bay of Bengal is a hotbed of tropical cyclones

• When extreme weather and Covid-19 collide

India and Bangladesh are using schools and other buildings as temporary shelters - but they need more space than usual in order to house people while maintaining social distancing.

Police in West Bengal, which along with Orissa is expected to be the worst-hit part of India, told the BBC that people were unwilling to go to the shelters because they were afraid of contracting Covid-19.

Social distancing being enforced in a cyclone shelter in India

Officials in Bangladesh fear it will be the most powerful storm since Cyclone Sidr killed about 3,500 people in 2007. Most died as a result of sea water surging in.

India's weather department had predicted storm surges as high as 10-16 feet (3-5 metres). The rising of sea levels in this way can send deadly walls of water barrelling far inland, devastating communities.

The cyclone comes as tens of thousands of migrant workers continue to flee cities for their villages during India's lockdown to curb the spread of coronavirus. West Bengal and Orissa are among the Indian states seeing large numbers return.

Orissa cancelled trains and some district officials asked the state government to accommodate the migrants - many of whom are walking home - elsewhere until the storm passes.

• How cyclones get their names

• What is a cyclone?

• The lost fishermen of India's Cyclone Ockhi

Although they are not in the direct path of the storm, there are fears for hundreds of thousands of Rohingya refugees who fled Myanmar and live in crowded camps in Bangladesh where cases of coronavirus have recently been reported. Officials said they had moved hundreds of Rohingya living on an island in the Bay of Bengal into shelters.

The UN and human rights groups are also gravely worried for Rohingya refugees who they believe could be on boats in the Bay of Bengal, and possibly in the storm's path, after trying to flee to Malaysia and Thailand but being blocked by authorities in those countries from landing.