In pictures: Attempted coup in Turkey
- Published
On Friday night an army group said it had taken over the country, with soldiers deployed at strategic points in Istanbul, including the strategically important Bosphorus bridge.
A statement read on Turkish TV said a "peace council" now ran the country and was imposing a curfew and martial law.
However, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan told CNN Turk by mobile phone that the action was by a "parallel structure", which would bring the necessary response.
Mr Erdogan said he would overcome what he called an uprising by a minority and urged people to take to the streets to oppose it.
The Turkish president said: "I urge the Turkish people to convene at public squares and airports. I never believed in a power higher than the power of the people."
A number of Erdogan supporters later turned out on Istanbul's central Taksim Square, amid reports of clashes and gunfire.
Gunfire and explosions were heard in Turkish cities, including explosions at a parliament building in Ankara.
The building was damaged after it was attacked at least three times.
International leaders called for an end to violence, with the US saying the democratically elected government in Turkey should be respected.
People in the streets of Ankara took cover from gunfire, with images and videos posted on social media showing casualties lying in the streets.
A large crowd of people demonstrated outside Ataturk international airport, in Istanbul.
President Erdogan later arrived at the airport, where he gave a press conference and was cheered by supporters.
Following a night of clashes in which 161 people died, many of them civilians, plain clothes policemen have been patrolling parts of Turkey.
Sporadic gunfire is still being reported in major cities, including in Ankara.
There have been reports of rebel soldiers in some areas surrendering their weapons to police loyal to Mr Erdogan. Turkey's PM Binali Yildirim said 2,839 soldiers had been arrested.
The Turkish foreign ministry said the coup attempt "was foiled by the Turkish people in unity and solidarity. Our president and government are in charge," a statement said.
Photos of soldiers involved in the coup attempt surrendering on Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul with their hands raised have emerged.
Policemen protected soldiers from a crowd of people, following their surrender on the bridge, which spans the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul, connecting Europe and Asia
President Erdogan found backing overseas also - a crowd of his supporters gathered outside the Turkish Consulate in Stuttgart, Germany.
Following the attempted coup, people have been seen posing for photos with military vehicles in Istanbul.