Uffizi gallery director Schmidt lays down email rules in Italy

Art historian Eike Schmidt, 54, has run the Uffizi since 2015

After seven years running Italy's flagship museum the Uffizi, its director has clearly had enough of inappropriate punctuation.

Eike Schmidt has laid out his rules for email etiquette in a message to staff.

Bold characters are out, although underlining is still acceptable where suitable for words or salient phrases.

"You should also avoid whole sentences in capitals," Mr Schmidt says.

There was no reference to emojis but, judging from the tone of the circular, complete with its culture ministry heading, there would be little room for them either.

"It was the conversation of the day for many employees in the corridors, at the water cooler or in the café," Uffizi Galleries spokesperson Tommaso Galligani told the BBC by email, with no hint of a character out of place.

As staff at the Uffizi in Florence turned their thoughts to Christmas, this was a reminder that they were representing a ministry of culture institution in the city of Dante, considered the father of the Italian language.

Mr Schmidt's main bugbear is excessive punctuation, not unlike UK politician Thérèse Coffey who objected to the so-called "Oxford comma".

"Where punctuation is concerned it is necessary to avoid altogether, as ever only where possible, exclamation marks, while with both question marks and exclamation marks only one is necessary at the end of a sentence with no repetition."

His circular may have lacked Dante's style but the sentiment was clear:

• Capitals should be limited to proper names of where their use is required by Italian grammar

• Ellipsis, where words are left out but understood, should be avoided...

• Work emails should always be "clear, explicit and never allusive".

Mr Galligani said that most staff loved the circular and many colleagues smiled, but he also believed there were some who did not have much to laugh about.

"The tendency to consider email exchanges as something totally informal, like a chat on WhatsApp, and as a direct outlet for emotions of all kind is now rampant, and I believe it was the director's intention to contain this problematic trend."

For Benjamin Weissman, lecturer in cognitive science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in the US, Eike Schmidt's recommendations are an attempt to resist a gradual integration of elements that have made text-based communication closer to the way people speak.

"It amounts to telling people they can only speak in monotone or with a neutral expression. In addition to any general issues of employers controlling the way employees communicate, this appears to restrict their expressive flexibility," he told the BBC via email.