Bolivia election: Anger mounts over result confusion

Violent protests have erupted in at least nine cities in Bolivia amid ongoing confusion about the result of Sunday's presidential election.

Suspicion arose among opponents of the incumbent, Evo Morales, after the quick count was surprisingly halted.

His main rival, Carlos Mesa, said the quick count's results were fraudulent.

Counting is still under way with Mr Morales in first place but currently with not enough of a lead to stave off a second round.

What do the counts show?

Bolivia's Supreme Electoral Tribunal is currently running two separate counts. The quick count, at 95.6% of votes verified, puts Mr Morales ahead of Mr Mesa with a lead of 9.33 percentage points.

• As Bolivia votes, an uncertain future for Morales

• Will Bolivians give Evo Morales a fourth term?

• Why protesters are on the streets worldwide

That is just short of the 10-percentage-point advantage he needs to win outright in the first round.

If that result were to be confirmed, Mr Morales and Mr Mesa would face each other in a run-off on 15 December.

The detailed count shows the two neck and neck. With 72% of the votes counted, Mr Morales just had a 0.58 percentage point lead over Mr Mesa, making a second round highly likely.

Why is there controversy?

Hours after polling booths closed on Sunday, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal released the first results of the quick count.

Supporters of Carlos Mesa took to the streets in La Paz

With 83.8% of the votes verified, its website showed Mr Morales leading with 45.3%, leaving Mr Mesa in second place with 38.2%.

That result suggested there would be a run-off, prompting celebrations in the campaign camp of Mr Mesa, who jubilantly declared: "We've made it to the second round!"

Carlos Mesa celebrated when the first quick count indicated there would be a second round

But then the website with the quick count stopped being updated for 24 hours, prompting electoral observers from the Organisation of American States (OAS) to express their concern.

As counting was suspended, Mr Morales told his supporters he was confident that when votes from rural areas were tallied, there would be no need for a run-off.

When the quick count was finally updated on Monday evening, Mr Morales had a lead of 10.12 percentage points - just wide enough to stave off a second round.

The OAS electoral mission called the change "drastic and hard to explain".

"We hope that the result of the final calculation will adhere to the will of the voters expressed at the poll," the OAS electoral observation mission said.

What was the reaction?

At that point, protests broke out in cities across Bolivia with disgruntled voters reportedly setting fire to ballot boxes in the cities of Sucre and Tarija.

Thousands of Bolivians also demonstrated outside the hotel in the city of La Paz where the Supreme Electoral Tribunal had gathered to process votes.

Protesters took to the streets following the release of a revised count

Mr Mesa denounced the updated results: "We are not going to recognise those results that are part of a shameful, consummated fraud that is putting Bolivian society in a situation of unnecessary tension."

"We trust citizens won't accept this," he said, speaking in the opposition stronghold of Santa Cruz. "This government has created an impossible situation. It's mocking the popular vote."

An opposition group in Santa Cruz has called on residents to take part in a general strike starting at noon (16:00 GMT) on Tuesday.

Michael Kozak, the top US diplomat for Latin America, took to Twitter to denounce what he said were the "attempts to subvert Bolivia's democracy".

What is the rivals' background?

Mr Morales, Bolivia's first indigenous president, has been leading Bolivia since 2006. If he were to win this election, he would be in power until 2025.

He has been praised for his social policies and is popular with many indigenous Bolivians but many say he ignored the result of a 2016 referendum.

In that vote, Bolivians rejected his suggestion to ditch the presidential term limits which mean that Bolivian leaders can only serve two terms.

But the constitutional court later ruled that term limits were an infringement on candidates' human rights, thereby allowing Mr Morales to stand for an unprecedented fourth consecutive term in office.

Read our profile of Evo Morales: Fourteen years and counting

He has also been criticised over his environmental policies. Bolivia has struggled with forest fires this year that destroyed four million hectares of land. Many questioned whether a decree passed by Mr Morales, which quadrupled the amount of land farmers are allowed to clear for agricultural production, contributed to the fires.

Carlos Mesa is running for the Civic Community (Comunidad Ciudadana) political alliance and has campaigned on a promise to bring change to Bolivia after almost 14 years of Mr Morales' leadership.

Mr Mesa argues that with oil and gas revenue declining, Bolivia needs to be "more sensible and rational" in the way it spends its money, especially as the country has a fiscal deficit of 7.8% of GDP.

But his message of curtailing spending has not proven popular with poor voters who have seen steady improvements to their quality of life under President Morales.