A finance deal reached at the COP29 summit to help poorer countries tackle climate change has been bitterly criticised, climate activists are calling for more action
Days of negotiations in Azerbaijan - that extended the talks by more than 30 hours - saw richer countries agree to raise their contribution to $300bn a year by 2035
Western leaders welcomed the deal, with US President Joe Biden saying it puts the world "one significant step closer" to achieving our climate goals
But the African Group of Negotiators described it as "too little, too late"
A similar feeling was echoed by the representative from India, who dismissed the money as "a paltry sum"
Poorer countries had asked for $1.3 trillion to help them fight the climate battle
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter in Baku
It looks calm from the outside - but inside these tents at the COP venue are hundreds of people running around in confusion
The clock has ticked past 18:00 local time - that means we're now running more than 24 hours past the original deadline for these talks to wrap up.
And it's now very unclear if there will be a deal at all...
Matt McGrath
Environment correspondent in Baku
Image source, EPAThe president at this year's COP has been Mukhtar Babayev
COP29 is now teetering on the verge of collapse, observers are saying, after walkouts from negotiators from poorer countries struggling with the impacts of climate change and ongoing deep arguments over finance.
So what's gone wrong?
Developing countries are incensed that the richer world waited until very near the end of this COP to put a figure for climate support on the table.
They are also upset that the $250bn (£199bn) offer was so low – the G77 and China group of developing countries are now said to want public grants of $500bn per year.
Richer nations say this is impossible in the current economic circumstances.
Uniting all parties here is disdain for the Azerbaijani COP presidency – they are said to be weak and simply don’t have the experience or the clout to drive this gathering to a successful outcome.
All is not lost. Some observers believe the EU with small island states and the UK will have to wrest control of this meeting from the Azerbaijanis to turn it around.
But time is short.
“We are in a near-perilous state,” said one seasoned participant.
Dozens of protesters have been making their voices heard on the sidelines of COP29 today.
While many attendees have left the conference, some representatives from environmental and human rights groups remain.
Chanting "no deal is better than a bad deal", they are keen to put pressure on developing countries to push for more financial support from richer countries.
Here are a few of the groups we've seen:
Image source, Tony Joliffe / BBC
Image source, Tony Joliffe / BBC
Image source, Tony Joliffe / BBC
Mark Poynting
Climate and environment researcher in London
It's a fast-moving situation at COP29 - this is what's going on:
Esme Stallard
Climate reporter in Baku
Image source, ReutersThe US seems unfazed.
"I hope this is the storm before the calm," John Podesta, the US climate envoy, tells our climate editor Justin Rowlatt.
A rare moment of optimism amid the very sour mood here.
Podesta is a veteran of diplomacy so has perhaps seen this all before, but it's not clear at the moment if the US and other rich nations are willing to come back to the table with a higher offer of cash.
Mark Poynting
Climate and environment researcher in London
It is very common for these conferences to overrun, but it would be highly unusual for talks to collapse entirely.
If that were to happen, the final deal would likely be delayed until next June in Bonn, Germany, as happened with COP6 in 2000.
Bonn is the location of the UN climate headquarters, and it is where countries typically gather for a mid-year climate conference - think of it as a mini-COP.
The aim of these Bonn meetings is to make some progress in some of the technical aspects of the negotiations, so that political decisions can be taken at COP at the end of the year.
Pushing back the COP29 deal to Bonn could therefore have knock-on consequences for progress ahead of next year’s COP30 in Brazil too.
But talks haven't collapsed yet, so let's see how the next few hours go.
Image source, ReutersWe're hearing now from a member of the small islands group, which has just announced it's pulling out to the climate talks.
"We've just walked out," says Cedric Schuster, the Samoan chairman of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), which represents areas potentially most vulnerable to climate change.
"We came here to this COP for a fair deal," he says, "we feel that we haven't been heard".
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter in Baku
Hundreds of people are now milling around outside the meeting room that developing and vulnerable AOSIS nations walked out of.
It's a frenetic, confused atmosphere. No-one is quite sure what will happen next.
"We have temporarily walked out but remain interested in the talks until we get a fair deal," said Jiwoh Emmanuel Abdulahi, Minister of Environment and Climate Change Sierra Leone, who is talking on behalf of the Least Developing Countries.
We're waiting to see if these countries will come back - if they don't, this could be the end of these talks.
But delegations will have flights home booked - once the talks lose the required number needed to pass a deal, it's game over.
Esme Stallard
Climate reporter in Baku
AOSIS - the group representing the small island states, potentially the most vulnerable to climate change have just announced they are pulling out.
"Our needs are known [and] they are being ignored," announced the group's negotiators in a manic hastily arranged press conference in the middle of the corridor.
We heard just an hour ago that AOSIS chairman Cedric Schuster raised to the COP president that they had been excluded from the talks - and it seems like they have had enough.
We're trying to bring you the news as quickly as possible but it is manic here, it really feels like the talks aren't just on the verge of collapse but are now fully in freefall.
Esme Stallard
Climate reporter in Baku
Things are starting to crumble here in Baku.
Our climate editor Justin Rowlatt has just seen the Least Developed Country group - an influential group representing poorer countries - walk out of the meeting with the COP29 President to discuss the new proposed cash offer from rich countries.
We have been told that $300bn (£239bn) was put forward, which the group thinks is far too low - they want $500bn.
One delegate told us the COP might now have to be suspended and we could go to a "COP-bis".
This funny UN term is when the session is suspended and then potentially reopened at a later date. This has happened before back at COP6 in 2000.
It is a worrying sign that talks have broken down if that is the case.
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter in Baku
Earlier, a group of protesters were chanting and waving flags in one corner of the COP29 venue.
It was good to see some activity at least, while we all wait around.
Muhammed Lamin from Senegal was one of them. He tells me we're now "in the critical hours" and it's time for communities like his to be heard.
He says many people in his country have been "submerged by floods, livelihoods are gone, houses are gone, communities are gone".
"People are dying - it's not about numbers it's about lives. Leaders must hear this," Lamin says.
"This ship will sink, there will be no first class, no second class - we are all going to sink together if they don't put finance on the table."
Sophie Yeo
BBC Future
Image source, Getty ImagesTuvalu, a small country in the Pacific Ocean made up of nine coral islands, is reckoning with a future where it may no longer be habitable, external.
Sea level rise, caused by climate change, is eating away at its shores, external.
Faced with such an existential threat, what do you do? Build sea walls, external? Try to reclaim, external some land from the sea? Move away, external altogether?
As the physical reality of the nation slips beneath the ocean, the government is building a digital copy of the count, externalr, externaly, external, backing up everything from its houses to its beaches to its trees.
It hopes this virtual replica will preserve the nation's beauty and culture – as well as the legal rights of its 11,000 citizens – for generations to come.
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter in Baku
I've just heard from a source close to AOSIS - which is a grouping of small island states that are very vulnerable to climate change.
They told me the minister leading AOSIS inside Meeting Room 3 (where the final deal is being debated) has told the room that his group were excluded from writing the latest text. As a reminder, this text has not yet been published so we have not seen it.
"AOSIS and many of the sub groups within the G77 were not part of the discussion that gave rise to these imbalanced texts," AOSIS chairman Cedric Schuster told the ministers, according to my source.
G77 is a large group of developing nations.
"We have requested for the space from you for engagement in the process with you facilitating this discussion," Schuster went on to say.
Just a reminder that the COP talks are supposed to be done by consensus, with all nations agreeing the final deal.
When I asked if they could walk away from these talks, my source said "that is up to the nations' leaders".
Image source, Getty ImagesTuvalu, in the Pacific Ocean, has been struggling with rising sea levels
Jack Burgess
Live page editor
Right, I think it's about time for a quick test to see how good your climate knowledge is.
If you can answer these three questions, the BBC's climate and science team here in Baku will be very impressed.
Question 1: What does COP stand for?
Question 2: What is the Paris Agreement?
Question 3: Which year is the hottest since records began?
Keep scrolling to see the answers below the photo...
Image source, EPANo cheating! The emus in this artwork at the summit look suspicious that this man might be Googling the answers
Answer 1: COP stands for “Conference of the Parties”.
Answer 2: At COP21 in Paris, world leaders pledged to try and prevent global temperatures rising by more than 1.5C.
It saw almost all the world's nations - for the first time - agree in 2015 to cut the greenhouse gas emissions which cause global warming.
Answer 3: The year 2023 is the warmest on record, driven by human-caused climate change and boosted by the natural El Niño weather event.
However, projections by the European climate service say it's now "virtually certain" that 2024 will be the world's warmest on record.
I'll have more quiz questions for you soon.
Esme Stallard
Climate reporter in Baku
Image source, ReutersGermany's Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock has just posted an extensive attack on the COP29 president and "new rich emitters" - which we take to mean countries like Saudi Arabia - on social media platform X.
Quote MessageWe are at #COP29 in the middle of a geopolitical power game by some of the fossil fuel states."
Germany's foreign minister
"As the EU, we are facing up to our historic responsibility. But climate finance and CO2 reduction belong together. We will not allow the poorest countries to be ripped off by the new rich emitters with the backing of the presidency," she says.
That sums up the battle going on here - that developing countries want more money and richer nations like Germany will only give it if there is a recommitment to what was agreed last year at COP28 in Dubai to transition away from fossil fuels.
I think the signs of a nearly 30-hour straight negotiation are starting to show.
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter in Baku
Outside the key meeting room, I've just seen the UK Energy Minister Ed Miliband, EU Commissioner Wopke Hoekstra, and senior members of the US delegation huddled in conversation.
Members of their security stop journalists getting too close - they don't want us to hear what's being said.
After five minutes, the three parties strode into Meeting Room 3 where other ministers are meeting.
A reminder that the UK, EU and US are being asked here to promise billions of dollars to help poorer nations tackle climate change.
There's a row over whether the $250bn already offered is enough.
But developed countries want these talks to go further on limiting the use of fossil fuels - it's not clear they will get that.
Esme Stallard
Climate reporter in Baku
A message has just popped up on the screens telling us that the closing meeting will begin at 19:00 local time - that's 3pm for those of you tuning in from the UK.
This is my third COP and I must say, I'm a little bit sceptical.
Let's not forget that it takes a couple of hours to translate the agreement into all the official UN languages.
Which means that we'd need a text on the table ready to go in the next couple of hours - and countries are still not happy.
The German team just released this from State Secretary Jennifer Morgan, which reads:
"The EU, along with the most vulnerable countries, small island states, the least developed countries as well as countries from Latin America and all other developed countries have clearly stated that the current text is unacceptable.
"We do not understand why the presidency is tabling a text in the end game that does not even attempt to balance interests."
I suspect the COP Presidency team is suggesting 19:00 to ramp the pressure up.
Justin Rowlatt
Climate editor in Baku
Uganda's energy minister, Ruth Nankabirwa
Uganda is experiencing more intense droughts and floods as a result of climate change, says the country’s energy minister, Ruth Nankabirwa.
Yet she is determined to exploit the country’s huge reserves of oil and gas.
It is a dilemma many developing nations face and if it seems like a contradiction you need to think again, says Nankabirwa.
Quote MessageHow are we going to survive if we don’t exploit petroleum, we don’t exploit our mineral resources?"
Ruth Nankabirwa
Nankabirwa says Uganda has an ambitious plan to meet her country's booming demand for energy with renewables and nuclear power, but it is going to be expensive.
“I need billions of dollars to implement my energy transition plan,” she tells me.
But the country’s fossil fuel reserves are the only real asset it has, which is why the negotiations over climate finance are so important.
“You can’t just tell us to abandon it; it will be unjust and unfair,” she argues.
For Nankabirwa the bottom line is this: unless Uganda receives climate finance from abroad – “real cash”, in her words – it has no choice but to sell its oil and gas.
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter in Baku
Image source, Getty ImagesOne negotiator who has attracted attention here is the Panama climate representative Juan Carlos Monterrey-Gomez - for his hat and fiery speeches.
I just saw him in the long corridors of the official government offices here. I asked what's the latest in the negotiations.
"I'm just trying to find the lift," he replied.
But there's a sense here that we're getting close to a final draft agreement being published - signalling nations may be close to a deal.
Esme Stallard
Climate reporter in Baku
For the last few hours I've been sat in the main hall of the COP29 conference frantically refreshing the United Nations website where new proposals get published.
It's all been a bit hopeless but then, suddenly, two new documents pop up!
I'm on the right, with the BBC's climate editor Justin Rowlatt (middle) and live page editor Jack Burgess (left)
Frustratingly for us, they're on Article 6 - which is the negotiation going on about how to set up a global system for trading carbon, one of the main greenhouse gases heating up our planet.
In short: we didn't get the much-anticipated documents on the new cash deal, or what will be done about fossil fuels (like oil and gas). Those two elements are what countries have been at loggerheads about for more than 24 hours straight.
Article 6 was actually agreed on the first day of this COP, governments have just been finalising some of the details over the last two weeks. Effectively it allows richer countries to make up for some of their atmosphere-heating pollution by investing in clean energy projects or forests in developing nations.