Summary

  • A two-week UN summit in Paris has agreed the first climate deal to commit all countries to cut emissions

  • The international agreement was gavelled through by French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius to claps and cheers

  • More than 190 countries had been working on the pact for four years after earlier attempts to reach such a deal failed

  • Negotiations ran into the small hours for three consecutive nights in order to hammer out the final draft

  1. Noah's animals in a flood of delegatespublished at 15:40

    Colourful plastic animals representing Noah's Ark dot the Paris site of the UN climate summit, COP21 - clustered near several eating outlets and lining the so-called "Champs-Elysee" that runs between the huge halls.

    Despite one very rainy day on Tuesday, the only flood this menagerie has had to face is the constant ebb and flow of conference attendees: negotiators, ministers, journalists, protesters, lobbyists and the myriad other people that make up COP21's 40,000-strong population.

    Media caption,

    A yellow bear is among the plastic greeters lining the "Champs-Elysee"

    colourful plastic animals
    Image caption,

    The animals' pedestals make a useful meeting point...

    people sitting with plastic animals
    Image caption,

    ...or a spot to sit for lunch.

  2. No draft 'until 18:00 GMT'published at 15:06

    The latest copy of the text will not be released until - at the earliest - 19:00 Paris time (19:00 GMT), the BBC has learned.

    It is not clear whether there will be another round of the drafting process after that.

    In the meantime, there is no shortage of activity around the Le Bourget site.

    Former Archbishop of Canterbury Dr Rowan Williams addressed a press conference a little earlier - and now musician Sean Paul is speaking to journalists:

    Sean PaulImage source, UNFCCC
  3. Gulf migrant workers fear rising temperaturespublished at 14:44

    While the UN meeting in Paris heads towards its deadline, millions of migrant workers in Gulf states are increasingly worried they might have to leave if the region gets hotter due to global warming.

    Read environment reporter Navin Singh Khadka's report here.

    A migrant worker from Nepal takes a break on a building site in Doha, Qatar on 03 May, 2015Image source, AP
  4. Administrative meeting underway - no sign of new draftpublished at 14:25

    A formal meeting of the Conference of Parties (the main administrative body that convenes at meetings like COP21) is underway and handling decisions not relating to the Paris agreement text itself - such as reports from subsidiary bodies.

  5. Fresh text expected this afternoonpublished at 14:05

    Delegates are filing into one of the big plenary rooms here in Le Bourget.

    A fresh draft of the agreement text is expected during this afternoon.

    Stay with us for updates as we wait to hear more...

    attendees queuing
  6. How to follow Arnie's advice: 'Try tofu'published at 13:26

    Roger Harrabin
    BBC environment analyst

    Reverberations continue from our shock "go veggie" interview with The Terminator on Monday evening.

    Roger Harrabin and Arnold Schwarzenegger

    BBC Food has contacted us with these recipes so you too can protect the climate whilst building muscles like Arnie. Or not, as the case may be.

    Re-watch the interview with the actor and former Governor of California here:

    Media caption,

    Arnold Schwarzenegger speaks to Roger Harrabin

  7. Hollande: 'Still difficulties' on sticking pointspublished at 13:12

    Matt McGrath
    Environment correspondent, BBC News, Paris

    The president of France, Francois Hollande, said there were "still difficulties" as negotiators in Paris continue trying to secure a long-term deal on climate change - theoretically due at 6pm on Friday.

    New versions of the draft text are expected in the coming hours as the representatives of almost 200 countries edge towards a compromise.

    President Hollande said there were still problems over climate finance and this remains one of three key sticking points.

    In drawing up their draft text, the French presidency have left open many options on the issue of cash, the demarcation between rich and poor and on the question of the long-term ambition of the deal.

    There has been growing support for including a temperature rise limit of 1.5C from a wide alliance of countries, including the EU, African, Caribbean and Pacific Island states.

    This so-called coalition of high ambition has now been boosted by the United States.

    Securing a substantial agreement here will likely require this kind of broad based co-operation between rich and poor.

  8. India: 'It will happen'published at 12:47

    But is ambition driving a deadlock with emerging economies?

    Navin Singh Khadka
    Environment reporter, BBC World Service

    When asked by the BBC if there would be an agreement, Indian environment minister Prakash Javadekar said "it will happen, it will happen, God willing".

    He did not elaborate further. His comment comes as a draft text for a deal is full of disagreements, mainly between developed and fast-emerging economies.

    The formation of a new "high ambition coalition" with the US, EU and many countries from the developing world on board is being seen by some as another sign of deadlock between developed countries and fast-emerging economies like China and India.

  9. A buzz of rumour and confusionpublished at 12:20

    David Shukman
    Science editor, BBC News

    Is it the calm before a storm or a measured build-up to a spectacular triumph of French diplomacy tomorrow? No one seems to know.

    The place is buzzing with rumour and confusion.

    Copenhagen-style collapse has long seemed unlikely but will the horse-trading over the text inevitably lead to a watering-down of the final document?

    I am writing this in a lunch queue in which everyone has their heads down at their phones. Like me, they're waiting for news.

  10. Unanswered questions: What, how, money, trust, and home timepublished at 12:10

    For a rundown of five key unanswered questions here at COP21, read Matt McGrath's blogpost, written in the wake of yesterday's draft.

    He looks at:

    1. What's it all about?
    2. How do we get there?
    3. Where's my money?
    4. Can I trust you? And, perhaps most importantly...
    5. When can I go home?
    Protesters in Star Wars dress in ParisImage source, EPA
    Image caption,

    Costumed protesters at the conference yesterday

  11. Timetable may be beginning to slidepublished at 11:38

    Some of the national negotiators are holding a press conference here at the moment.

    There is still talk of a better, further revised draft text being released this afternoon - but no details on exactly what time, or what progress was made overnight.

    press conferenceImage source, UNFCCC

    Our science correspondent Rebecca Morelle, however, is beginning to detect the whistle of passing deadlines...

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  12. Differentiation: Can this word redefine the world order?published at 11:30

    Roger Harrabin
    BBC environment analyst

    The document being hammered out here in Paris may be intended to protect the climate – but it will also formalise global shifts in politics and economics.

    Debate used to be binary - rich vs poor, perpetrators of climate change vs victims.

    Now it’s much more fluid, with developed and developing nations joining ranks on some issues, and developing nations in conflict among themselves.

    The most vulnerable nations blame the rich for the problem, but also fear the rise in pollution from emerging nations like China, India and Brazil. The Americans partially agree – they say emerging economies must play a bigger role in curbing emissions and helping the most vulnerable states.

    Emerging economies say the US can’t wriggle out of its historic pollution this way.

    It’s not just posturing. These are deeply held views, and it’ll take some inspired drafting to enshrine fairness in a text which attempts to redefine the relationship between the history of emissions and the future.

  13. Hello again from Le Bourget: What happened last night?published at 11:20

    Welcome back to the BBC's live coverage of COP21, the UN climate summit in Paris.

    Parallel negotiations went through the night, with one session finishing at 04:00 local time and others even later.

    These were closed-door negotiations and we are waiting to hear what state the agreement text is now in.

    Last evening Laurent Fabius, the conference president, said he would convene ministers for an update in the early afternoon.

    Stay with us for the latest updates.

  14. Climate talks enter final dayspublished at 10:34

    With the UN climate talks set to end on Friday, there is a final push to reach a global deal.

    With key issues yet to be resolved, further meetings have been scheduled for this afternoon.

    Meanwhile, UN climate chief Christiana Figueres is calling for more finance for a fund that helps vulnerable communities in developing countries adapt to climate change.  

    This live page will pick up again around 11:00 GMT.

  15. Goodbye for nowpublished at 22:05

    On that note, we are concluding today's live coverage of COP21.

    Once the plenary session finishes, negotiators and ministers will head into their parallel discussion rooms for the night.

    This live page will pick up again at 11:00 GMT tomorrow, Thursday 10 December.

    In the meantime, read this blogpost by our environment correspondent Matt McGrath, outlining "five unanswered questions" here at the talks.

    And spare a thought for the delegates facing a very long night here in the Le Bourget conference centre.

    In the brief meal break before they head into overnight meetings, they may well need an energy boost from a slice of conference cake...

    cake with conference logo
    Image caption,

    The conference gets its dessert

  16. East Timor: Fabius for Nobel Peace Prize - if successfulpublished at 21:55

    While joining many other speakers in voicing enthusiastic thanks to Laurent Fabius for his - so far - very efficient presidency of COP21, the East Timorese representative went one step further.

    If a Paris agreement is reached, he promised to support Mr Fabius's nomination for the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize.

    Mr Fabius thanked him and added: "I was blushing for part of what you said, so hard that I can't recognise myself."

    Laurent FabiusImage source, UNFCCC
    Image caption,

    Blushing but recognisable

  17. Time to knuckle down: Fabius closes speaker listpublished at 21:43

    COP21 president Laurent Fabius has said he will now close the list of speakers; there are 10-15 countries remaining to take the floor in tonight's public session.

    "After Tuvalu we will have had more than two hours of debate and I think all the points of view have been expressed," he said.

    Mr Fabius said he is anxious that delegates get on with the business of further hammering out the text.

  18. Video explainer: What is in the latest draft text?published at 21:22

    As the final few speakers take the floor, here's an overview of today's draft climate agreement from BBC science correspondent Rebecca Morelle, here in Paris:

  19. India: Wealthy world's obligations 'not met'published at 20:57

    Prakash Javadekar, India's lead negotiator, praised the INDC system of separate national climate pledges, calling it a "game-changer".

    But he again called for greater support from the developed world:

    Quote Message

    Developed countries are not fulfilling their obligations.

    Venzuela's Claudia Salerno said the Paris solution must not be one in which rich nations can "buy the right to pollute", but - like many other speakers - finished on an optimistic note, suggesting that an agreement will be reached.

    Claudia SalernoImage source, UNFCCC
  20. Who will be the judge?published at 20:40

    Saudi Arabia's representative (pictured) questioned the way the text repeatedly requires action from those "in a position to do so"; what body will make that judgement?

    Saudi Arabian delegateImage source, UNFCCC

    Gurdial Singh Nijar of Malaysia, meanwhile, reiterated - in strong terms - his nation's concerns about "climate justice".

    Despite everybody's desires to act, he said, "the world has not changed". And if the agreement does not ensure compensation for developing countries, "we will have no choice but to resist".