Summary

  • A two-week UN summit in Paris has agreed the first climate deal to commit all countries to cut emissions

  • The international agreement was gavelled through by French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius to claps and cheers

  • More than 190 countries had been working on the pact for four years after earlier attempts to reach such a deal failed

  • Negotiations ran into the small hours for three consecutive nights in order to hammer out the final draft

  1. Goodbye from the BBC in Le Bourgetpublished at 21:28

    With that, we are concluding our live coverage of the UN climate summit here in the northern suburbs of Paris.

    Thank you for reading and watching developments with us over the past two weeks.

    As the summit concludes, you can read this blog post by BBC environment correspondent Matt McGrath: Has history been made at COP21?

    And if you're in the UK, tune into the News at Ten on BBC One to see a report on the climate deal from our science editor David Shukman.

    But from the media centre here in the conference centre - goodbye.

    Rows of desks in the media centre
    Image caption,

    The number of journalists is starting to dwindle...

    ...particularly compared to the minutes before the plenary started.

  2. Congratulations from space - and a passionate speech from the Marshall Islandspublished at 21:15

    This just in - well, an hour or two ago - from the International Space Station:

    And back on Earth, in the plenary hall at Le Bourget, the youth representative of the Marshall Islands Selina Leem spoke passionately about the importance of the Paris deal for her country:

    Quote Message

    This agreement is for those of us whose identity, whose culture, whose ancestors, whose whole being, is bound to their lands. I have only spoken about myself and my islands but the same story will play out everywhere in the world... Sometimes when you want to make a change, then it is necessary to turn the world upside down... This agreement should be the turning point in our story - a turning point for all of us.

    This Twitter post cannot be displayed in your browser. Please enable Javascript or try a different browser.View original content on Twitter
    The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
    Skip twitter post

    Allow Twitter content?

    This article contains content provided by Twitter. We ask for your permission before anything is loaded, as they may be using cookies and other technologies. You may want to read Twitter’s cookie policy, external and privacy policy, external before accepting. To view this content choose ‘accept and continue’.

    The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
    End of twitter post
  3. LDC chairman: 'Not a perfect deal, but the best deal'published at 21:15 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    Speaking to science correspondent Rebecca Morelle on BBC World News, the chair of the Least Developed Countries bloc Giza Gaspar-Martins had this to say:

  4. Fabius: Keep it brief and we'll finish before tomorrowpublished at 20:54

    Laurent Fabius, thanking yet another delegate for their contribution, said he had 40 more speakers on his list and asked them to be brief.

    He suggested three minutes each would make a good goal.

    "The best mathematicians among us can do 40 times three," he said, "which makes two hours."

    Any longer and the meeting would risk running past midnight, local time - leaving future historians a dilemma as to whether they place the Paris deal on 12 or 13 December.

    Laurent FabiusImage source, Reuters
    Image caption,

    Mr Fabius earlier

  5. Chinese negotiator: Some reservations, but agreement will 'change way of life'published at 20:41

    Mr. Xie Zhenhua, China’s special envoy to COP21 and head of the Chinese delegation told BBC News that the Paris agreement is a major step forward in global efforts to curb climate change.

    Mr Xie said that the Paris agreement will change the way of life for people of all countries.

    Xie Zhenhua

    When asked about about the "areas of improvement" in the Paris agreement that he mentioned in his plenary speech, Mr Xie said that, for example, developed countries need to make further efforts to help support developing countries financially.

  6. Speeches and applause continue as the site is slowly dismantledpublished at 20:29

    Jonathan Webb
    Science reporter, BBC News

    From the moment the gavel was brought down by Mr Fabius, the horde of journalists here at COP21 had been warned we would have six hours to vacate the premises.

    That means we have four hours left.

    In that time there are TV news broadcasts, online stories and radio packages still to be wrapped up. But the journalists aren't the only ones working feverishly.

    Stepladder and lights
    Image caption,

    Closing time at the US pavilion

    Above the BBC's small office and studio - a second home to some of our team for the entire fortnight - there used to be a sleeping area.

    Now there are the crashes and rumbles of enthusiastic furniture moving, rather than gentle footsteps and snores.

    Meanwhile on screens all around us - and in the huge plenary hall a brisk five-minute walk away - French President Francois Hollande just finished speaking.

    empty food shelves
    Image caption,

    Even before people filed into the plenary hall four hours ago, food supplies were getting thin

    All the speakers now are interrupted regularly by bursts of cheers and applause; a relieved and exhausted UN climate chief Christiana Figueres faces a standing ovation.

    This deal will need a lot more commitment from a great many corners if it is to succeed and cap global warming. Everyone here acknowledges that.

    But Le Bourget is bathed in such a strange, exuberant atmosphere right now that we all feel we have witnessed a big moment for the world.

    Bus passing the red Eiffel Tower replica
    Image caption,

    Not long now till the last bus out of Le Bourget

  7. More praise from Ban Ki-moon, John Kerrypublished at 20:18 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    The UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said today would be a significant day for historians of the future to look back on:

    US Secretary of State John Kerry warmly praised the French presidency of COP21 and said the deal was a victory for the planet:

  8. Venezuela surprises with support for Paris climate dealpublished at 20:12

    The oil-rich nation of Venezuela has often been reluctant to support strong action in climate talks just like these.

    Today's agreement, however, drew full-voiced support from the country's lead negotiator Claudia Salerno.

    By contrast, in 2009 Ms Salerno famously raised a bloodied hand to the Copenhagen summit, COP15.

    Tonight she paid tribute to the role of women in making the deal - and said the day's events had "once again filled Paris with light and hope".

  9. A toothless, voluntary fudge - or a strong signal to big business?published at 20:12 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    Roger Harrabin
    BBC environment analyst

    Reactions from outside the conference site here in Paris are also flowing in.

    Benny Peiser from the climate contrarian group GWPF denounced today's deal as toothless.

    "The deal is further proof, if any was needed, that the developing world will not agree to any legally binding caps, never mind reductions of their CO2 emissions,” he said.

    “As seasoned observers predicted, the deal is based on a voluntary basis which allows nations to set their own voluntary CO2 targets and policies without any legally binding caps or international oversight.”

    Paul Polman, the CEO of consumer giant Unilever, had a different view.

    He said: “The result in Paris is an unequivocal signal to the business and financial communities, one that will drive real change in the real economy.

    “The billions of dollars pledged by developed countries will be matched with the trillions of dollars that will flow to low carbon investment.”

    Carolyn Fairbairn, CBI Director-General, agreed:

    "The Paris deal heralds an exciting opportunity for business. We now have a climate deal agreed by the world's leaders that puts us on a sustainable low-carbon path and which can provide the framework for business to invest with confidence. 

    "While the UK is making its voice heard at global talks, more needs to be done at home. The Government must provide a stable environment that enables investment in cleaner, more affordable and more secure energy generation."

  10. Least developed countries welcome 'best outcome we could have hoped for'published at 19:48

    In a statement, the chairman of the Least Developed Countries group Mr Giza Gaspar said:

    Quote Message

    “We are living in unprecedented times, which call for unprecedented measures. Nothing that has gone before compares to this historic, legally binding climate agreement. The COP Presidency and all parties worked hard to deliver this accord which will move the world to a 1.5 degrees goal, while aiming to leave no-one behind. It is the best outcome we could have hoped for, not just for the Least Developed Countries, but for all citizens of the world.”

  11. Saint Lucia: 'Resounding triumph for multilateralism'published at 19:41

    The environment minister of St Lucia, James Fletcher, wholeheartedly praised the way COP21 was conducted.

    Quote Message

    I can confidently speak on behalf of my fellow Caribbean delegations when I say that, perhaps for the first time in a long time, Caribbean and island states truly felt that our concern were being heard at a COP.

    James Fletcher, Environment Minister, Saint Lucia

    Mr Fletcher added that he was looking forward to going home after two weeks "in the beautiful city of Paris, of which I've unfortunately seen very little".

    Quote Message

    I can return to my people, who adopted "1.5 to stay alive" as their mantra, and say that the future looks much brighter today than it did two weeks ago.

  12. Earlier - cheers as climate change deal adoptedpublished at 19:46 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    Media caption,

    The adoption of the deal was greeted by cheers and excitement in the hall

  13. David Cameron: Our grandchildren will see we did our dutypublished at 19:33 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    Applauding the deal on Twitter, the Prime Minister of the UK returned to the theme he used in his address to the conference two weeks ago, among nearly 200 other heads of state and government.

  14. Morocco, host of COP22 in 2016, addresses the conferencepublished at 19:15

    The environment minister of Morocco, Hakima el Haite, said she was emotional to be addressing the room at this time, and looking forward to hosting the Conference of the Parties (COP) next year.

    Hakima el HaiteImage source, UNFCCC
    Quote Message

    From today onwards we must transform the consensus we have achieved here in Paris into effective action and into tangible results.

    Hakima el Haite, Environment Minister, Morocco

  15. A genuinely big deal, which faces big testspublished at 19:30 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    David Shukman
    Science editor, BBC News

    So they made it. The lack of sleep, the fears of failure, the painful hours of restless shuttling between meeting rooms all paid off.

    Skilled diplomatic footwork by the French crafted and recrafted a text that eventually gave enough people enough of what they were after.

    It came down to haggling over individual words, each of which carried huge meaning.

    The applause was tumultuous. And the hugs and cheers were spirited and lasted for minutes. By the standards of climate negotiations, this is a far bigger deal than usual.

    Delegates with tears in their eyes
    Image caption,

    A very happy EU delegation

    But – and there always is a ‘but’.

    It did not take long for ministers to start casting ahead to how the agreement needs to be followed up.

    South Africa warned that finance is still an issue and would be raised at the next big gathering, at COP22 in Morocco. Australia is warning about the challenges of implementing the deal.

    As ever, it was hard to negotiate each clause; putting them into effect will be even harder.

  16. EU: Tonight, we celebrate - but real work to comepublished at 19:09

    The EU's climate commissioner Miguel Arias Canete pledged the European Union's support for the agreement and said its commitments would increase in the future, including support for developing countries.

    After tonight's celebrations, he said, the real work would begin:

    Quote Message

    We have in front of us a strong agreement. Now it needs to be implemented.

    The world must see "tangible progress" before next year's COP22 summit in Morocco, Mr Canete concluded.

    "That is what the world expects from us."

  17. Obama tweets support for dealpublished at 19:12

  18. Nicaragua 'unable to support the consensus'published at 18:57

    The deal has been formally adopted - there is no going back - but countries and blocs are still able to voice their concerns.

    Representing Nicaragua and the "Alba" bloc of Central and South American countries, Paul Oquist did just that.

    "We want to explain now why we are not able to support the consensus," he said.

    Mr Oquist and his colleagues have particular reservations about the level of commitment made by all the individual countries in their pledges.

    These "INDCs", he explained, will not restrict average temperature rises to 2C, let alone 1.5C - so much more rapid action is required than is presently on the table.

    Paul OquistImage source, UNFCCC
  19. Australia: No country will step backpublished at 18:50

    Representing the "umbrella group" of developed countries, Australia's Foreign Minister Julie Bishop said that although, as expected, no country would see this deal as the perfect solution, "No country will step back."

  20. Fabius thanks his staff - who receive their own standing ovationpublished at 18:43

    Fabius and staffImage source, UNFCCC
    delegates applaudingImage source, UNFCCC