Summary

  • The secret wealth and offshore dealings of the rich and powerful has been exposed in a huge leak of 12 million files

  • The Pandora Papers shed light on a hidden world and the secret buying of UK property by foreign leaders

  • They show that a businessman whose companies have backed 34 Tory MPs made millions from an allegedly corrupt Russian pipeline deal

  • And they reveal how a prominent Tory donor who contributed to Boris Johnson's leadership campaign was involved in one of Europe's biggest corruption scandals

  • The UK prime minister says all donations to his party are vetted in the normal way but campaigners say the rules are lax

  • Governments in eight countries have now launched investigations, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists says

  • Watch the full BBC Panorama investigation on BBC iPlayer or at the top of this page

  1. Thanks for joining uspublished at 18:01 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Pandora Papers graphic

    We're closing our live coverage for the evening now but we'll be back tomorrow morning with more revelations.

    Here's a quick reminder of what we've learnt today:

    Don't miss tonight's episode of Panorama at 19:35 BST on BBC One, where we'll have more on the political donors named in the Pandora Papers.

    And if you want to catch up on what we know about the leaks so far check out our simple guide.

    Thanks for joining us, see you tomorrow.

  2. Watch more revelations unfold on BBC Panoramapublished at 17:52 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    It's been a busy day but there's more to come on tonight's episode of BBC Panorama.

    The Pandora Papers: Political Donors Exposed is on BBC One at 19:35 BST or you can watch back later on BBC iPlayer (UK only).

  3. Questions over Tory donations by ex-Russian minister's wifepublished at 17:39 British Summer Time 4 October 2021
    Breaking

    Lubov Chernukhin

    The Conservative Party is facing fresh questions about donations made by the wife of a former Russian minister.

    Lubov Chernukhin is one of the biggest donors to the Tories, giving nearly £1.9m since 2012.

    The Pandora Papers reveal her personal wealth comes from her husband Vladimir. He has been financially linked to people who were close to the Kremlin.

    Mrs Chernukhin's lawyers say she is a British citizen and is entitled to do as she wishes with her money.

    Her donations to the Conservative Party have given the 48-year-old access to figures at the top of UK government.

    Mrs Chernukhin's winning auction bids have seen her play tennis with Boris Johnson and dine with Theresa May, when she was prime minister.

    Read our full investigation here.

  4. What other political donation scandals have there been?published at 17:20 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Tony BlairImage source, PA Media
    Image caption,

    Tony Blair's New Labour received £1m from Formula One tycoon Bernie Eccleston months before coming to power

    At the start of his premiership, Tony Blair faced criticism over his interactions with Formula One tycoon Bernie Eccleston.

    New Labour had received £1m from Mr Eccleston months before coming to power in 1997, with another possible chunk on the way. It was later revealed that he had met Mr Blair to lobby him to exempt F1 from a tobacco advertising ban.

    A "cash for honours" scandal hit Tony Blair's government in 2006, when it emerged that a number of large secret loans had been made to the Labour Party before the 2005 general election. Some of the lenders had subsequently been nominated for the House of Lords.

    Tony Blair became the first prime minister to be questioned by the police during an investigation. However, the long and expensive probe led to no charges from the CPS.

    Offering seats in the House of Lords is still a controversial issue. In 2020 Prime Minister Boris Johnson nominated Peter Cruddas - who had given £50,000 to Mr Johnson's campaign to be party leader - for a seat in the House of Lords, going against official advice.

    A businessman who was later convicted for perjury became the Liberal Democrats' largest donor in 2005, giving £2.4m to the party. The party faced criticism for not returning the donation, despite Michael Brown not being a registered UK voter and donating through a newly-created company.

    It's not always wealthy individuals. This summer the police launched an investigation into the SNP's finances after the party had raised money in a crowdfunding drive. Donors had complained about how the money went on to be used.

    Read more here.

  5. How did the Pandora Papers investigation work?published at 16:59 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Who got hold of the leaked files?

    The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) - a nonprofit newsroom and network of journalists based in Washington DC. They led the two-year investigation, codenamed "Aladdin".

    How did the investigation work?

    More than 140 media organisations and 600 journalists across the world collaborated on the investigation, including the BBC, Le Monde and the Washington Post. They sifted through more than 11.9 million files, following leads across the world.

    Who led the investigation in the UK?

    BBC Panorama and the Guardian. Both outlets also led on the previous similar leaks such as the Panama and Paradise Papers.

    Will the data be made public?

    The ICIJ is planning on publishing some of the data in November, with the rest to be made public early next year.

    How does it compare to previous leaks?

    In recent years, the financial dealings of some of the world's wealthiest and most people have been revealed in leaks such as the FinCen Files, the Paradise Papers and the Panama Papers.

    The Panama Papers leak in 2016 comprised of 11.5 million files of Panama law firm Mossack Fonseca, with 2.6 terabytes of data. The Paradise Papers in 2017 contained 13.4 million documents in 1.4 terabytes of data from British Virgin Islands law firm Appleby.

    The Pandora Papers has files from 14 different offshore service providers, rather than just one firm.

  6. Dirty money has infected our politics, says Labour MPpublished at 16:42 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Margaret HodgeImage source, Getty Images
    Image caption,

    Margaret Hodge has campaigned against corruption

    Labour MP Margaret Hodge, who is the chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Anti-Corruption and Responsible Tax, says "dirty money has infected our politics".

    Sharing an article about businessman Victor Fedotov, she writes on Twitter, external: "Access and influence is cheap. Our democracy is under threat."

    Mr Fedotov - a former oil executive - owns a firm currently seeking UK government approval for a controversial energy link between the UK and France.

    His businesses have donated hundreds of thousands of pounds to 34 Tory MPs and their local parties.

    Pandora Paper files show he made millions from an allegedly corrupt Russian pipeline deal. His lawyers said "there is no evidence whatsoever" he behaved improperly.

    Read more about the story here.

  7. Fedotov complied with law in the UK, minister sayspublished at 16:24 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    We reported earlier that leaked files show a businessman whose companies have backed 34 Tory MPs made millions from an allegedly corrupt Russian pipeline deal.

    Economic secretary to the Treasury and City minister John Glen was asked about the allegations against former oil executive Victor Fedotov when he appeared on BBC Radio 4's World at One programme earlier.

    Mr Glen told the programme he was not familiar with the details of the allegations but "as I understand it, that individual has complied with the law in this country".

    However, he added: "I’m happy to look at it, as any responsible minister in my position with my responsibilities would."

    Mr Fedotov's lawyers say "there is no evidence whatsoever" he has behaved improperly.

    You can read more about Mr Fedotov and his links to the Conservatives here.

  8. 'One rule for the rich, another for ordinary people'published at 16:10 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Max Lawson, head of inequality policy at Oxfam International, says he hopes the Pandora Papers will spark discussions about greater taxation of the rich.

    "Yet again it shows us that there’s one rule for the rich and then one rule for ordinary people," he tells BBC World News.

    "Think of the cost of all of the state interventions for Covid-19, the impact on the poorest people - we need that money.

    "We can’t have it tied up in dusty vaults in the Bahamas, in these secret spaces. We need to liberate that cash, spend it on schools, spend it on hospitals.”

    "We really hope that [leaks] like this continue to push the world to actually act and stop rich people avoiding tax on this industrial scale," he adds.

  9. Pakistan TV wrongly names opposition politicianpublished at 15:56 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Reality Check

    A row has broken out in Pakistan after state television (PTV) wrongly claimed that Junaid Safdar, a grandson of former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, is among 700 Pakistanis named in the Pandora Papers investigation.

    Mr Sharif’s party, the Pakistan Muslim League (N), leads the opposition to the current government.

    Mr Sharif himself resigned as prime minister in 2017 in the fallout from a previous document leak, known as the Panama Papers.

    State TV alleged that Mr Safdar had five companies registered in his name, a claim also tweeted out by an assistant to Prime Minister Imran Khan and by another member of the government.

    A Twitter account also appeared on Sunday called “PandoraLeaks”, containing the claims about Mr Safdar - but it’s nothing to do with the real Pandora papers.

    Tweet by a fake account, PandoraLeaksImage source, Twitter

    The team of journalists working on the Pandora Papers investigation in Pakistan confirmed to the BBC that Junaid Safdar had not been named in the documents.

    However, Ali Dar, the son-in-law of Nawaz Sharif, does feature in the list of names contained in the papers.

    Mr Dar has denied doing anything illegal, and says he is not a resident in Pakistan for tax purposes.

  10. Tories should give Mohamed Amersi's money back - Labour chairwomanpublished at 15:41 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Anneliese DoddsImage source, PA Media

    The Conservative Party should give back the £525,000 donated by Mohamed Amersi after the Pandora Papers revealed he was involved in one of Europe's biggest corruption scandals, says the Labour Party chairwoman.

    Anneliese Dodds says: "It's really concerning that the Conservatives have accepted hundreds of thousands of pounds from a man who appears to be closely linked to one of Europe's biggest corruption scandals. "

    She is calling for the party to "return the money he donated to them and come clean about who else is getting exclusive access to the prime minister and the chancellor in return for cash".

    "There can't be one rule for senior Conservatives and their chums and another rule for everyone else," she says.

    Meanwhile, Liberal Democrat Treasury spokeswoman Christine Jardine is calling for the Electoral Commission to launch an immediate investigation into these allegations.

    "The Tories must comply with this investigation and explain what they are doing to stop the flow of dirty money into the UK and apparently into their own party coffers," she says.

    Boris Johnson earlier said: "All these donations are vetted in the normal way in accordance with the rules that were set up under a Labour government."

  11. Who is the King of Jordan?published at 15:28 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    King and Queen of Jordan in 2019Image source, Getty Images
    Image caption,

    King Abdullah, seen here in 2019, has been married to Queen Rania since 1993

    One of the world leaders featured in the Pandora Papers is the King of Jordan, who used offshore companies to buy a string of properties in the UK and US worth more than £79m ($106m).

    Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein's palace says, external his 15 homes were bought in this way "out of security and privacy concerns, and not out of secrecy or an attempt to hide them”.

    So who is the King of Jordan?

    King Abdullah has been in power for 22 years and is seen as a moderate Western ally in the Middle East.

    The 59-year-old rules a country of 10 million people , externaland has the power to appoint governments and approve legislation.

    Map of Jordan

    King Abdullah's sprawling property portfolio built up between 2003 and 2017.

    At the same time, he has been accused of presiding over an authoritarian regime at home - with protests taking place in recent years amid austerity measures and tax rises.

    Jordan isn't a wealthy country and receives international aid. The British government is one of its biggest financial backers and is giving £650m over five years.

    Annelle Sheline, a Middle East analyst, says: "It's just very, very difficult for the average Jordanian to achieve a basic level of home and family, and a good job.

    "So to have it really thrown in Jordanians’ faces that he's just been funnelling money abroad all this time? That would look really bad."

    King Abdullah's palace says the properties were “personally funded” and international financial assistance is used for public purposes, as agreed with the donor states.

  12. How is the leak being reported around the world?published at 15:17 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Uhuru KenyattaImage source, Getty Images
    Image caption,

    Uhuru Kenyatta told the BBC in 2018 that he wanted fighting corruption and promoting transparency to be his legacy

    The Pandora Papers have hit headlines worldwide. But what's the reporting been like in some of the countries where leaders' financial dealings have been exposed?

    There's limited coverage of the leak in Kenya, where the family of President Uhuru Kenyatta were revealed to have secretly owned a network of offshore companies for decades.

    The Star newspaper is leading with the story on its website, but others, including the Standard and the People Daily newspapers, did not cover it at all, or put the focus outside of Kenya.

    The country's leading daily newspaper, The Nation, published a story written by a news agency with the headline "Pandora Papers expose leaders' offshore millions", using a picture of Jordan's king. The story includes four lines about the Kenyattas.

    In Jordan - where the Pandora Papers revealed that King Abdullah II of Jordan secretly spent more than £70m ($100m) on a property empire in the UK and US - stories on the leak were also notably absent; observers say local media censor themselves and avoid subjects that are implicitly off limits.

    On Monday morning, the state-run Petra news agency, as well as the privately owned al-Ghad, al-Dustour and Jordan Times, external newspapers were all leading instead on the king's comments about democratic reforms in the country.

    Lawyers for King Abdullah said he used his personal wealth to buy the homes and there was nothing improper about him using offshore firms to do so.

    Read more here.

  13. Eight government investigations announced so far due to Pandora Papers - ICIJpublished at 15:05 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Governments in at least eight countries have announced investigations into the financial activities of both citizens and institutions following the Pandora Papers revelations., external

    Officials in Pakistan, Mexico, Spain, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Australia and Panama are promising inquiries, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists reported., external

    The ICIJ is the organisation that obtained the data leak and shared it with media partners around the world, including the BBC.

    The UK has not announced a formal investigation, but, earlier, Chancellor Rishi Sunak said: "HMRC (HM Revenue & Customs) will look through those [documents] to see if there is anything we can learn."

  14. Pandora Papers will lift veil of secrecy on unexplained wealth - Kenyattapublished at 14:55 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Uhuru KenyattaImage source, Getty Images

    Kenya's President Uhuru Kenyatta has issued a statement following the revelation that his family secretly owned a network of offshore companies for decades.

    The president says he is currently abroad and will give a comprehensive response when he returns.

    However, he adds that the Pandora Papers will "go a long way in enhancing the financial transparency and openness that we require in Kenya and around the globe".

    "The movement of illicit funds, proceeds of crime and corruption thrive in an environment of secrecy and darkness," the statement says.

    "The Pandora Papers and subsequent follow up audits will lift that veil of secrecy and darkness for those who can not explain their assets or wealth."

  15. Pandora Papers: What have we learned today?published at 14:45 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    We've been bringing you the latest revelations from the Pandora Papers since the findings of the huge financial information leak was broadcast by the BBC and media organisations across the world yesterday.

    Here's what we've learned today:

  16. Ecuador's president insists all his investments are legalpublished at 14:35 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Guillermo LassoImage source, AFP/Getty Images

    Ecuador’s president Guillermo Lasso is insisting all of his investments are legal after the Pandora Papers revealed he operated through 14 offshore companies, most of them based in Panama.

    The companies were closed only after the leftist government of Rafael Correa passed a law banning candidates from being the beneficial owners of companies located in tax havens, according to El Universo newspaper, which is part of the consortium digging into the Pandora Papers.

    According to the investigation, Mr Lasso - a former banker who took office earlier this year - replaced a Panamanian foundation that made monthly payments to his close family with a trust based in South Dakota, in the US, in 2017, before becoming a presidential candidate.

    Reacting to the revelations, the president says 10 of the offshore companies mentioned were already inactive, while he denies involvement with the other four. He says all his investments, in and out of Ecuador, are legal.

  17. What do we mean by ‘offshore’ - and why would people hide money there?published at 14:22 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Tax haven stock photoImage source, Getty Images

    You’ll see the term “offshore” in many of our stories about the Pandora Papers. This is because the papers have revealed complicated networks of companies that have been set up across borders, often resulting in hidden ownership of money and assets, such as houses.For example, someone may have a property in the UK, but own it via a chain of companies based in other countries - or “offshore”.

    There are several legitimate reasons people may want to hold money and assets in different countries - including protection from criminal attacks or guarding against unstable governments.Although having secretive offshore assets isn’t illegal in itself, using a complex network of secret companies to move around money and assets is the perfect way to hide the proceeds of criminality.Loopholes in the law also allow people to legally avoid paying some taxes by moving their money to or setting up companies in these places - sometimes called tax havens. While not illegal, it’s often seen as unethical.

  18. ‘There's never been anything on this scale before’published at 14:08 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    The Pandora Papers investigation is the largest ever organised by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists – they’re the group that looked into a string of other leaks you might’ve heard of including the FinCen Files (2020), Paradise Papers (2017) and Panama Papers (2016).

    “There’s never been anything on this scale,” says Fergus Shiel, the ICIJ’s managing editor.“It shows the reality of what offshore companies can offer to help people hide dodgy cash or avoid tax."

    And his colleague Gerard Ryle says: “We are talking about some of the most famous people in the world that are in these documents. Presidents, prime ministers, government ministers…

    “We’re not looking at a couple of million dollars here. We’re looking at trillions of dollars.”

  19. Russian with Tory funding links made millions from 'fraud'published at 13:49 British Summer Time 4 October 2021
    Breaking

    Victor Fedotov

    A businessman whose companies have backed 34 Tory MPs made millions from an allegedly corrupt Russian pipeline deal, the leaked Pandora Papers show.

    Former oil executive Victor Fedotov owns a firm currently seeking UK government approval for a controversial energy link between the UK and France.

    The BBC investigation into the files shows he secretly benefitted from the alleged $4bn fraud in Russia.

    His lawyers said "there is no evidence whatsoever" he behaved improperly.

    Read the full story here.

  20. How are political parties funded in the UK?published at 13:42 British Summer Time 4 October 2021

    Graphic of a credit card

    Most income comes in the form of donations, including those from individuals and companies.

    To give money as an individual you have to appear on a UK electoral register. Companies must be registered in the UK and carry out business in the country.

    Other sources of income for parties include membership fees, loans and a limited amount of public money.

    A vast majority of the Conservative Party's donations come from individuals: 68% during the 2019 election campaign.

    The Labour Party's income looks different. During the 2019 general election campaign, 93% of donations came from trade unions. National parties only have to record donations above £7,500, so the totals don't pick up the large base of Labour supporters who give small amounts.

    Read more about how political donations work in the UK here.