COP26: World at one minute to midnight over climate change - Boris Johnson

The world is at "one minute to midnight", having run down the clock on waiting to combat climate change, Prime Minister Boris Johnson has said.

He was speaking as world leaders arrived for the landmark COP26 climate change conference in Glasgow.

Speaking to the BBC, Mr Johnson said leaders needed to move from "aspiration to action" to slow global warming.

He added the summit was a "critical" moment for him, and said an ambitious outcome was still "in the balance".

For the first time, Mr Johnson also confirmed he did not want to see a controversial proposed coal mine in Cumbria go ahead.

"I'm not in favour of more coal," said the prime minister. "But it is not a decision for me, it is a decision for the planning authorities."

The government has been criticised for not stopping the mine project going ahead.

This is the strongest statement the prime minister has yet made on the subject - and could help negotiations, because persuading nations to phase out coal is one of the central goals the UK government has set for the crucial UN conference.

• LIVE: Latest updates from COP26

• Why the battle for British coal matters to the world

The UK is hosting the summit amid mounting concern among scientists that countries are not doing enough to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases, which have caused average global temperatures to rise.

The 2015 Paris climate conference called for average temperatures to rise by well below 2C, and preferably only 1.5C, when compared to pre-industrial averages.

World leaders arrived at the venue in Glasgow - which has officially become United Nations territory - for the official opening on Monday. Later, they will make statements setting out what their countries are doing on climate change.

As UN territory, the venue is being patrolled by armed UN officers and Police Scotland is only allowed to enter if they are invited by the UN secretary general - or if they believe there is a threat to life.

On BBC Breakfast on Monday, Foreign Secretary Liz Truss was asked whether it was necessary for world leaders to fly to the conference - as estimates suggested 400 private planes had flown into Glasgow.

She replied that it was "fantastic" that world leaders were there in person. "When you really get into crunch negotiations, when you want to look somebody in the eye and talk to them face to face, you do need to meet in person," she said.

"World leaders are going to have to make some tough decisions… they're going to have to commit to things they didn't necessarily want to when they arrived at the conference. That's why it's really important we do have people face to face."

Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said she understood that the air travel involved may send a "mixed message" - but agreed that more progress is made when leaders meet in person.

"Given all of the travel required to get here, it even further increases the pressure on the shoulders of world leaders to make sure it's worth it," she said.

Ms Sturgeon added that the goal of the conference was to increase countries' ambitions to reduce emissions. "Right now, the commitments countries have made wouldn't even limit [global warming] to 2C, let alone 1.5."

Planespotters said COP26 was a "once-in-a-lifetime" opportunity to spot aircraft not normally seen in Scotland

The COP26 summit immediately followed a G20 meeting in Rome - made up of leaders of 20 of the world's biggest economies - which ended on a downbeat note from Mr Johnson, after only 12 of the 20 committed to be carbon neutral by 2050.

Speaking to the BBC separately, Mr Johnson promised to add £1bn to the money the government has earmarked over the next four years to help developing countries.

The government has already conceded that the developed world would not deliver in full on a promise made in 2009 to pay poorer countries $100bn a year to help tackle climate change - roughly equivalent to £73bn based on current exchange rates.

The government has also been criticised for cutting foreign aid this year.

Mr Johnson urged other developed nations to commit more cash.

He said the other two central goals of the conference would be persuading world leaders to commit to accelerating the transition away from petrol and diesel cars and to stop deforestation.

COP26 climate summit - The basics

• Climate change is one of the world's most pressing problems. Governments must promise more ambitious cuts in warming gases if we are to prevent greater global temperature rises.

• The summit in Glasgow is where change could happen. You need to watch for the promises made by the world's biggest polluters, like the US and China, and whether poorer countries are getting the support they need.

• All our lives will change. Decisions made here could impact our jobs, how we heat our homes, what we eat and how we travel.

Read more about the COP26 summit here.

Mr Johnson also defended the decision in last week's Budget to cut the duty on short-haul internal flights by 50%.

He described it as a difficult decision, adding: "Even the distinguished Scottish politicians who are beating me up about this don't actually themselves come to London by any other means."

The comment appears to be a criticism of the SNP's Westminster leader Ian Blackford.

Mr Blackford branded the cut in passenger duty a "disgrace" and claimed it was evidence the government did "not understand the climate challenge".

Mr Johnson told the BBC that drawing more private finance into low carbon investments would be crucial to ensuring a rapid reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Governments can bring billions to the table, he said, but the market has "hundreds of trillions".

'This is life or death'

When asked what the Johnson household was doing to cut its carbon footprint, the prime minister joked that he had "totally abolished commuting" when he moved into No 10 and started living above his place of work.

He declined to say whether he had cut beef out of his diet, adding he had "got to start eating a lot less of all kinds of things".

Mr Johnson would not confirm whether he now regarded himself as an environmentalist, but insisted he was "not the black sheep of my family" on green issues. Boris Johnson's wife Carrie, his father Stanley and his brother Leo are all very keen environmentalists.

The Archbishop of Canterbury said climate change was "absolutely a moral issue".

"This is our neighbours all around the world, those who are already suffering catastrophic impacts," Justin Welby told BBC Radio 4's Today programme. "This is life or death."

Mr Welby - who used to work in an oil executive - said he did not regret working in the industry as he "learnt a huge amount from it", and added the vast majority of people in the industry are "pretty passionate about changing".

Additional reporting by Francesca Gillett

The COP26 global climate summit in Glasgow in November is seen as crucial if climate change is to be brought under control. Almost 200 countries are being asked for their plans to cut emissions, and it could lead to major changes to our everyday lives.

• Why the COP26 climate summit is important

• Simple guide to climate change

• What will climate change look like for you?

• Will the UK meet its climate targets?

• How extreme weather is linked to climate change