Turkey-Netherlands row: Dutch ambassador barred

Security is heavy outside Dutch diplomatic buildings in Turkey

Turkey has announced a series of measures in retaliation for a Dutch decision to block its ministers from campaigning for a referendum.

Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmus said the Dutch ambassador would be barred from returning to Ankara, and high-level political talks suspended.

Turkish attempts to hold rallies in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands have been blocked.

President Recep Tayyip Erdogan accused the Dutch and Germans of Nazism.

The BBC's Mark Lowen in Istanbul says Turkey and the Netherlands, two Nato allies, are now locked in an unprecedented diplomatic crisis.

Meanwhile, German Chancellor Angela Merkel offered the Netherlands her "full support and solidarity".

• Why is Turkey holding a referendum?

• Turkey row: Why has Erdogan riled Nato allies?

On Monday, the Dutch foreign ministry issued a new travel warning, urging its citizens in Turkey to take care and noting the new "diplomatic tensions".

Voters in the Netherlands go to the polls on Wednesday for a general election dominated by concerns about immigration and Islamic radicalism.

Prime Minister Mark Rutte cited security concerns ahead of the vote as a reason for blocking the Turkish rallies.

How did the row come about?

The proposed rallies aimed to encourage a large number of Turks living in Europe to vote Yes in a referendum on 16 April on expanding the president's powers. The plans were criticised by senior EU officials on Monday.

In Germany, for example, there are more than three million people of Turkish origin, of whom an estimated 1.4 million are eligible to vote in Turkish elections. In effect, the diaspora is Turkey's fourth-largest electoral district.

• Erdogan chases diaspora vote - but ties fray

• Erdogan rallies not welcome in Austria

• Turkey says 'No' to saying 'No'

Officials in Germany, Austria and the Netherlands said the rallies could stoke tensions.

A gathering in France went ahead, however, after officials said it did not pose a threat.

Two Turkish ministers were barred from addressing crowds in the Dutch city of Rotterdam, with one of them escorted to the German border after entering the Netherlands by land.

Police used dogs and water cannon against protesters waving Turkish flags in Rotterdam.

What measures is Turkey proposing?

Mr Kurtulmus, who is also the Turkish government's chief spokesman, said: "We are not allowing planes carrying Dutch diplomats or envoys from landing in Turkey or using our airspace."

Ambassador Kees Cornelis van Rij is currently out of the country, with a charge d'affaires standing in for him.

Mr Kurtulmus added that all high-level political discussions would be halted, and parliament would be advised to withdraw from a bilateral friendship group.

The measures would remain in effect until the Netherlands took steps to "redress its actions", the deputy prime minister added.

Earlier Mr Erdogan likened the Netherlands to "a banana republic", demanded international organisations impose sanctions on the country and accused countries in the West of "Islamophobia".

"I have said that I had thought that Nazism was over, but I was wrong," he said.

Turkish officials have also suggested reconsidering part of a deal with the EU aimed at curbing an influx of migrants, namely Turkey's efforts to prevent them crossing by land to Greece and Bulgaria.

• Reality Check: Is banning rallies EU policy?

• Turkey-Netherlands row: Press reaction

What did European countries say?

Mr Rutte said Mr Erdogan's comment that the Dutch were "Nazi remnants" was "unacceptable", and demanded an apology.

Responding to Turkish calls for sanctions, he said the Netherlands would "never negotiate under threat".

In a news conference on Monday, Mrs Merkel said she had condemned Nazi analogies made by Mr Erdogan about Germany the previous week.

"This rejection is also valid for our allies," she said. "These comparisons are completely misguided... particularly in the Netherlands that endured so much agony through the National Socialists [Nazis]. That's why the Netherlands can count on my complete support and solidarity in this."

The Netherlands was invaded by Nazi Germany in 1940 and occupied right up until the final days of World War Two in Europe, in May 1945. Rotterdam was devastated by German bombing during the invasion.