Nationalist vote set to shatter Swedish calm
- Published
The three biggest parties in the polls are the Social Democrats of Stefan Lofven (C), the Moderates led by Ulf Kristersson (L) and Jimmy Akesson's populist Sweden Democrats (R)
Sweden has long enjoyed a reputation for moderation and balance, but is its political landscape about to change dramatically with Sunday's election, the tightest race in decades?
The anti-immigration Sweden Democrats are on course to become Sweden's second-biggest party, after a campaign that has focused on migration and integration.
"They have the most things that are right for me... they're for Swedes," says first-time voter Sandra Sundstrom, 18, as she stops at a party stall in Orebro, central Sweden.
Not long ago Sweden had one of the most open, generous approaches to asylum in the world, and an electorate that supported it.
Newsnight: Is Sweden a Utopian dream or a multicultural nightmare?
But things changed swiftly with the migrant crisis of 2015, when Sweden took in a record 163,000 asylum seekers, proportionately more than Germany.
The influx put a strain on housing, healthcare and welfare services. The centre-left government brought back border controls and toughened conditions for asylum and family reunification.
In this small, politically divided city in rural central Sweden, canvassers hand out flyers on the cobblestones of the main square, Stortorget.
Sandra Sundstrom believes the Sweden Democrats stand up for Swedes
"Many parties want to take in more people from other lands," complains Sandra, who is unemployed. "But the Swedish people can't have the work they really want."
Sweden's unemployment rate is 6.8%, level with the EU average, but for foreign-born citizens it is 16.2%.
Now all Sweden's traditional parties have hardened their tone to reflect concerns about integration and an increase in shootings, hand grenade attacks and arson attacks on cars in areas with a high proportion of immigrants.
Who are the Sweden Democrats?
But it is the Sweden Democrats (SD) who are predicted to almost double their 2014 share, with opinion polls suggesting they will secure the votes of one in five Swedes.
For a nationalist party linked for years to neo-Nazis and other far-right groups it would certainly be a success. It only entered parliament in 2010.
Meanwhile, there has been a fall in support for the ruling centre-left Social Democrats and the largest traditional opposition party, the centre-right Moderates.
The SD's official line now is that it welcomes supporters from all backgrounds, although racist scandals persist.
One municipal candidate shared a song on Facebook with the lyrics "Swedes are white and the country is ours", according to a report in tabloid Aftonbladet.
"There are no Nazis in our party," says Per Soderlund, the party chairperson in Orebro.
"If you look at our voters and our members, it's basically your average Joe. It's your neighbour."
The SD core base is working class men. But growing numbers of women and more educated and higher-income voters are also backing their tough line.
Campaigning has been busy in market squares across Sweden
Too much pessimism?
"I think many voters feel fed up, they want to give the finger to the big parties," says Ola Karlsson, who leads the Moderates in this part of Sweden.
"It's easy to say we should have changed earlier, much earlier," he admits.
Analysts agree that the big parties were slow to change their stance on immigration, but Orebro University political scientist Ann-Catrin Kristianssen believes they also failed to move the debate away from the "dark picture" painted by the Sweden Democrats.
After all, Sweden's economy is booming and the state continues to provide a strong welfare safety net.
"There are problems in some of the urban areas and no party is really denying that. But Sweden is a rich country and has a lot to offer its citizens. Why haven't they been able to paint this brighter picture?" she asks.
'A tough summer'
And it has not been all about immigrants, because climate change has become a top issue for voters.
Sweden has just had its hottest few months on record, hit by Europe's heatwave.
Adam Arnesson's farm has been hit hard by drought this summer and he says he may vote for the Greens
Around 25,000 hectares of forest burned in wildfires and many farmers were forced to destroy livestock after their pasture land dried up.
"It's been a tough summer," says Adam Arnesson, 28, who runs a farm just outside Orebro and usually votes for one of Sweden's smaller centre-right parties. "I'm thinking more about voting for the Greens because they are the only ones putting the climate in the centre."
Support for the Green party, which had been struggling after various internal scandals, has crept up across Sweden.
The Left party is making gains too, both on the environment and from centre-left voters dissatisfied with the mainstream parties' approach to migration.
Large areas of Sweden were hit by forest fires over the summer
Some analysts think the heatwave could weaken support for the Sweden Democrats, who are popular in rural areas but do not prioritise climate policies.
But many voters in Orebro remain undecided.
"I will not vote for (the) Sweden Democrats, that's the only thing I know!" says Salmon Kidane, 20.
And 70-year-old Ruth is unhappy that the Swedish idea of solidarity is losing traction, in a nation traditionally proud of its openness.
"I'm afraid of those populist trends that are coming in Europe. I have a feeling we're going the same way in Sweden and I don't like that," she says.
Few imagine the SD will get into government, as they are still too far from the traditional parties' agendas to even negotiate a coalition.
But Ann-Catrin Kristianssen thinks the nationalists could "rewrite the political map" and Sweden's old "bloc politics" could well end.
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