What is turf toe in NFL?
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Two of the NFL's highest-profile quarterbacks, Brock Purdy and Joe Burrow, have been sidelined by the same injury in the last week - but what is 'turf toe'?
The full name for the injury, which affects the big toe, is a metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint sprain.
This joint is the largest of the big toe's two joints and connects the toe the foot.
It is made up of soft tissue such as tendons, ligaments and connective tissue which hold the foot and toes together as well as allow them to move flexibly.
When these soft tissues are damaged, turf toe can occur.
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How does turf toe happen?
Cincinnati Bengals quarterback Joe Burrow picked up a turf toe injury during last weekend's win over Jacksonville Jaguars
Turf toe can occur when the MTP joint is put under pressure, particularly when the toes are planted on the floor but the heel lifts up - resulting in the toes going into a position called hyperextension. This is a common stance when sprinting or jumping - two key movements in American Football gameplay.
The stress on toe joints is made worse due to the fact that NFL matches are played on artificial turf, which is a harsher surface than grass.
Athletic footwear can also contribute to turf toe, as cleats tend to be built for speed and flexibility, and not rigid support for the feet.
How is turf toe treated?
Once X-rays have ruled out a fracture, a turf toe sprain can be classed in severity from grade one to grade three.
Most grade one MTP injuries are treated with rest, ice to prevent swelling, and buddy tape to prevent the joint from moving - typically clearing up within a week.
Grade two injuries can be treated in a similar way, but can also be aided by specialist footwear that has stiff soles or orthotic inserts. Recovery time is usually a couple of weeks longer.
Grade three cases are rare and may require surgery. It can take up to six months to heal in the most severe incidents.
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