Summary

  • A two-week UN summit in Paris has agreed the first climate deal to commit all countries to cut emissions

  • The international agreement was gavelled through by French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius to claps and cheers

  • More than 190 countries had been working on the pact for four years after earlier attempts to reach such a deal failed

  • Negotiations ran into the small hours for three consecutive nights in order to hammer out the final draft

  1. Alec Baldwin on the role of indigenous communitiespublished at 11:33

    Yesterday afternoon, Hollywood actor Alec Baldwin spoke to BBC radio outlets from the conference in Paris.

    He was here as a guest of the UN Development Programme, for whom he presented theEquator Prizes, external, which recognise "community efforts to reduce poverty, protect nature and strengthen resilience in the face of climate change".

    Alec Baldwin
    Media caption,

    BBC Newshour's James Menendez asked Mr Baldwin about the prize winners - but he began his answer with a surprising admission

    Meanwhile, indigenous communities were protesting here at COP21 this morning. They want their human rights recognised in Article 2 of the Paris text, which sets out the long-term goal of the agreement.

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  2. Limiting warming to 1.5C - more than an aspiration?published at 11:10

    Roger Harrabin
    BBC environment analyst

    Poor nations are winning their battle to get their vulnerability to climate change recognised.

    They have long argued that the rather arbitrary 2C maximum temperature rise that’s been the UN benchmark for years was too dangerous for them.

    "Climate vulnerable" nations, particularly island states facing the consequence of rising sea levels, have long campaigned for a target of 1.5C as a limit on warming.

    The negotiating text already includes a target of holding temperature rise “well below” 2C - which is already a notional score for vulnerable nations, even though the pledges offered by all the countries here in Paris are nowhere near to delivering this.

    And last night a facilitator told the conference that most countries were now willing to have the 1.5C figure also reflected in the final deal. 

    It would be a victory for poor nations, but only in principle – we are inexorably heading for emissions that will produce a 1.5C rise. But if the climate gets nasty that 1.5 figure may be brandished as a legal weapon.

  3. Hello from Le Bourget: Three days to go...published at 11:00

    Welcome back to the BBC's live coverage of COP21, the UN's climate conference in Paris.

    It is day 10 and the French hosts' Friday deadline is looming, as the conference president reiterated yesterday:

    Quote Message

    The target is to have a final text…. for formal adoption by the COP on Friday 11 December at 18:00

    Laurent Fabius, French foreign minister and president of COP21

    A new "clean" draft of the agreement text is expected this afternoon.

    Environment correspondent Matt McGrath previews the day ahead:

  4. Goodbye for nowpublished at 17:59

    Our live video Q&A has concluded - thank you for watching and contributing.

    This COP21 live page will be back in action at 11:00 GMT on Wednesday 9 December, as the summit in Paris heads into its final days.

    Environment ministers from around the world will be on the scene from Monday and the 40,000-strong conference will be up against a deadline.

    Check back for the latest developments in the complex quest for a deal.

    smokestacks at sunset

    And in the meantime, listen back to BBC environment analyst Roger Harrabin's documentaries on Radio 4, "Changing Climate".

    Media caption,

    Roger Harrabin asks: What chance for a deal on climate change in Paris

  5. Oil country in fluxpublished at 17:40

    To finish, Matthew points to the oil jack behind him in Electra, Texas.

    This is what brought oil to this town and started the boom, he explains. This is oil country.

    But the boom is gone and the town is just emerging from a drought that had settled over the state for much of this century. And climate scientists predict longer, even hotter spells in the future.

    Quote Message

    You'd be surprised at some of the things that Texas itself is doing, as it grapples with the effects of climate change.

    Matthew Price, BBC correspondent

    Matthew Price in Electra, Texas
  6. Scepticism about regulationpublished at 17:36 Greenwich Mean Time 4 December 2015

    Earlier, Matthew explained that many farmers in the area talk about the government 'regulating them out of business' by insisting that they adopt greener technologies.

  7. Get in touchpublished at 17:35

    Email: haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk

    Ian Jones comments: 

    Although we pay a lot for petrol - oil is and always has been - dirt cheap. I fear that nothing meaningful will be done, until every last drop has been burned.

  8. The question of meatpublished at 17:34 Greenwich Mean Time 4 December 2015

    Matthew asks Dr Winguth about what can be done. "You're not going to stop Texans eating their steaks," he says.

    Dr Winguth explains that there are attempts underway, by modifying farming methods and equipment, to reduce emissions in the beef industry. Once those measures are in place, he says, the carbon contribution from meat is "comparably small" compared with electricity generation.

  9. Get in touchpublished at 17:31 Greenwich Mean Time 4 December 2015

    Email: haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk

    Claudia Pingle asks:

    Would it help if we all became vegetarians?

  10. Finding ways to adjustpublished at 17:30

    We need to find a consensus, "even with the critics", Dr Winguth said, and take action.

    Matthew describes a system in nearby Wichita Falls, which sees waste water no longer left to flow downstream, but processed and reused within the town instead.

  11. Get in touchpublished at 17:28 Greenwich Mean Time 4 December 2015

    Tweet:@BBC_HaveYourSay

    @AdrianFaiers tweets: 

    Is sufficient being done to prepare for climate change compared with trying to stop?

  12. Send us your questionspublished at 17:26

    Email: haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk

    Mungai Mwangi, on Facebook

    Can we cut down on CO2 emissions without affecting the economy? 

  13. Fluctuations in the air and the seapublished at 17:25

    Dr Winguth explains that fluctuations in CO2 in the atmosphere have occurred over the centuries and, if anything, we would expect even greater temperature change due to the carbon humans have put into the air.

    Quote Message

    There are natural variations in the climate - and going back there are even larger fluctuations. The question is, why is the temperature not rising much faster than we would expect for these rises in CO2 concentrations?

    Dr Arne Winguth, University of Texas, Arlington

    The oceans appear to be the answer, he added - absorbing more than we had expected of the heat that the planet is accumulating.

    Dr Arne Winguth
  14. Send us your commentspublished at 17:20 Greenwich Mean Time 4 December 2015

    Tweet: @BBC_HaveYourSay

    @GilchristBlake tweets:

    How did the Earth's climate change such as from the Ice Age to what we have today without human pollution?

  15. A community 'facing destruction'published at 17:17

    Mr Lalk talks about what might - or might not - come out of the talks in Paris. If a deal is not reached, he says, there will be consequences.

    He also says that people in the area have adapted to try to use systems that emit less carbon into the air.

    Quote Message

    You'll completely destroy this community. It'll destroy this whole area. Those aren't our beliefs. We've taken a role; we've set an example for the rest of the world, in terms of being an emissions free community.

    Trevor Lalk, Local farmer

  16. Changing habits on the farmpublished at 17:14 Greenwich Mean Time 4 December 2015

    Matthew talks to Trevor Lalk, a local farmer, about the grim forecasts for how the climate will change.

    Quote Message

    We've had much lower than average rainfall, during the droughts. We've changed over to more conservative farming practises. We do a lot less tillage.. we don't plough at all. That saves quite a bit of moisture.

    Trevor Lalk, Farmer

  17. A once-thriving town, now "dusty and sad"published at 17:12

    Once, Matthew explains as he drives through Electra, "This was really quite a thriving little town, built on oil."

    But now, with oil prices falling, it has fallen on hard times.

    Electra, Texas
  18. Hopeful for an agreement that makes a differencepublished at 17:08

    Matthew asks Dr Winguth about the impact of the Paris climate summit.

    Quote Message

    If there's a benefit in substantially reducing carbon emissions globally... then that would far outweigh emissions due to the meeting.

    Dr Arne Winguth, University of Texas, Arlington

  19. Send us your commentspublished at 17:08

    Tweet: @BBC_HaveYourSay

    @DGWilkinson, on Twitter

    What's the carbon footprint of COP21?

  20. Send us your questionspublished at 17:06

    Email: haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk

    Alec Nigh in Australia

    What will Texas be like in the future if we don't do anything to mitigate the effects of climate change?