Summary

  • A two-week UN summit in Paris has agreed the first climate deal to commit all countries to cut emissions

  • The international agreement was gavelled through by French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius to claps and cheers

  • More than 190 countries had been working on the pact for four years after earlier attempts to reach such a deal failed

  • Negotiations ran into the small hours for three consecutive nights in order to hammer out the final draft

  1. A twenty-page agreement?published at 10:55

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  2. Plenary session commencespublished at 10:52

    Watch proceedings using the 'Live Coverage' tab above.

  3. Applause for the top tablepublished at 10:52 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    There's sustained applause for French President Hollande, who's taking his seat at the top table with the UN Secretary General and COP president Laurent Fabius.

  4. Another two hours? Delays and rumourspublished at 10:50

    Some journalists approaching the documents desk have been told to "come back in two hours" for their copy of the final draft.

    Meanwhile, the Guardian's North America environment correspondent Suzanne Goldenberg is tweeting from the back of the plenary hall.

  5. No shortage of media attention for conference's key figurespublished at 10:49 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    This is the view 10 minutes ago in "Hall 2" of the conference site; everybody wants a piece...

    Media scrum at the conference
  6. 'High-ambition coalition' rallies troops before seeing the draftpublished at 10:47 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    The 'ambitious' alliance of more than 100 countries including the EU, the US, Brazil and many African, Pacific and Caribbean nations gathered its representatives this morning.

    The European Union's climate commissioner tweets:

    Meanwhile the BBC's science editor has been out and about the site - and looking to the future...

  7. A tour of the pavilionspublished at 10:40 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    While we wait to hear from the conference president Laurent Fabius, alongside UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon and French President Francois Hollande - some more views from around the COP21 site.

    In the cavernous hall across the "Champs-Elysee" walkway from the media centre here at COP21, there are pavilions representing many of the countries and groups attending the conference.

    There is quite a lot of variety in these displays...

    Media caption,

    Writing on the water-wall at India's pavilion

    The Gulf states' pavilion
    Image caption,

    The Gulf Cooperation Council has a rather palatial offering

    US pavilion
    Image caption,

    The US pavilion contains a spherical projection system for scientific presentations

    German pavilion
    Image caption,

    The Germans installed an espresso bar

    Photo stall at the Korean display
    Image caption,

    Or if you want, you can pose for a photo as the King and Queen of Korea

  8. MP hopes agreement will speed transition to renewable energypublished at 10:28

    The UK Green Party MP, Caroline Lucas, says she hopes the agreement will speed up the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

    "Renewables are already massively coming down in price and within a very few years solar energy, for example, will be totally competitive with fossil fuels, indeed will probably be cheaper than fossil fuels," she told BBC News. 

    "So this will accelerate the transition which is already happening and which is already going to ultimately save us money."

    Caroline LucasImage source, AP
  9. Ready to see the draft, delegates assemblepublished at 10:25

    Ministers and negotiators are filing into one of the huge plenary halls here in Le Bourget.

    The session is due to start in five minutes; you will be able to watch it right here on this page - click the 'Live Coverage' tab above.

    delegates in plenary hallImage source, UNFCCC
  10. Positive noises: What we're hearing on the marginspublished at 10:21

    Matt McGrath
    Environment correspondent, BBC News, Paris

    There is lots of buzz and rumour around COP21 about the “final draft” of the agreement we’re expecting in the next half-hour or so.

    Most of the noises so far seem positive, though everybody cautions that they haven’t seen the document.

    People we're speaking to say that on finance, on transparency, and even on the long-term goal, the text is "ambitious". The "h" word has even been used, as in historic.

    But there are worries too some things could unravel before the agreement is gavelled through.

    More soon.

  11. Unnervingly quiet after a frenetic weekpublished at 10:16

    It is weirdly peaceful in the conference centre at the moment - but a very busy, possibly very long day lies ahead.

    Our science correspondent Rebecca Morelle tweets:

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    Meanwhile one of the summit's official Twitter accounts sends a confident reminder that the day's proceedings are due to kick off at 11:30 Paris time (10:30 GMT):

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  12. 'No-one sleeping much' at climate talkspublished at 10:06

    As well as negotiators working through a third straight night in Paris, the conference has been filled with activists, journalists and scientists.

    BBC video journalist Paul Harris has been asking them whether it has been worth it:

  13. Scientist says the key test is whether countries act on emissionspublished at 09:58

    Sir Brian Hoskins , chairman of the Grantham Institute for Climate Change at Imperial College London, says what is needed now is action.

    He told BBC News:

    Quote Message

    The test is really whether the countries do carry out these reductions in emissions that they're talking about. And do we see global emissions of greenhouse gases peaking very soon - if not already - and then starting on the way down. So that's the crucial thing.

  14. Good morning from Paris - less than one hour to 'final' deal textpublished at 09:39

    A final draft of a UN plan to combat climate change is due to be presented in Paris soon - in a plenary session timetabled for 10:30 GMT.

    Another night of intense negotiations produced the text in the early hours of Saturday.

    If it is finally adopted, this will be the first truly global climate treaty.

    We'll be keeping you up-to-date on the latest developments. 

    Read the full news story here

    A postcard
    Image caption,

    COP21 postcards are being handed out on site today

  15. 'Final draft' due at 10:30 GMT - more from us at 09:30published at 04:48

    An official from the conference president's office has told the AFP news agency that a final draft of the Paris agreement has been reached and is now being translated into the UN's six official languages. 

    "We have a text to present," the official said.

    It will be distributed to ministers in a plenary session at 11:30 Paris time (10:30 GMT).

    If consensus is reached during that meeting, another session will be called "a few hours later" for the agreement to be formally adopted.

    Read the full news story here and join us at 09:30 GMT when our live coverage will recommence.

  16. More from Paris on Saturday morningpublished at 18:37

    That's it for today's live BBC coverage of the COP21 negotiations.

    It's been an interesting day which has attracted a lot of positive rhetoric about the final draft of the agreement.

    Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said the climate change talks were "the most important for humanity".

    Meanwhile, French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius, who is chairing the summit, promised a new text, external on Saturday morning at 08:00 GMT - and suggested it would be the final version, to be ratified at lunchtime.

    In other developments, Brazil announced it has joined the US and Europe in the "high ambition coalition" - a group of developed and developing countries jointly pushing for an ambitious accord in Paris.

    One of their key concerns is a strict system for checking whether countries meet their pledges.

    But India and China, as huge, rapidly emerging economies, say that delineating responsibility between rich and poor nations remains a big stumbling block.

    We'll be back tomorrow morning for the first peek at the final draft.

    plastic zebra and conference delegates
    Image caption,

    Goodbye from Le Bourget for now

  17. Red lines and yellow suns - more of Friday's protestspublished at 18:24

    Greenpeace activists at the Arc de Triomphe today, as well as doing some short-lived abseiling (see earlier post), poured yellow paint all over the famous roundabout. 

    The intention was to represent rays of sunshine:

    Arc de Triomphe from the air with yellow paint on the roadsImage source, @greenpeacefr on Twitter

    Meanwhile here in the conference venue, activists organised by 350.org stretched red fabric along the site's main roadway.

    They were urging negotiators not to draw intractable "red lines" in their talks.

    Protesters lining up with a long strip of red fabricImage source, Getty
  18. 'Vague optimism' from Bianca Jaggerpublished at 18:23

    Speaking to the BBC's Roger Harrabin, Bianca Jagger said she still believes countries' climate pledges are "not enough".

    But she added, "I'm vaguely optimistic."

    Bianca Jagger and Roger Harrabin
  19. Signs of progress?published at 18:15

  20. Differentiation, differentiation, differentiation: China and India stand firmpublished at 18:09 Greenwich Mean Time 11 December 2015

    Navin Singh Khadka
    Environment reporter, BBC World Service

    Indian environment minister Prakash Javadekar has accused the developed world of not being flexible on a major contentious issue.

    He said that differentiation - the term used for separating developing countries from developed ones in the UN climate convention - was vital for his country.

    Speaking impromptu to mainly Indian journalists, Mr Javadekar said he has urged rich nations to be flexible on the issue.

    And now a Chinese negotiator has also spoken along the same lines.

    Liu Zhenmin, vice-minister of foreign affairs and second-in-charge in the Chinese team, said differentiation remained the main challenge.

    He said it was the biggest issue for China and his country was with India on this.

    Mr Javadekar and Mr BanImage source, AP
    Image caption,

    Mr Javadekar meets UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in one of many "bilaterals" held today

    The provision of differentiation exempts developing countries from making ambitious carbon reductions that rich countries are required to.

    Fast-emerging economies like India and China have been strongly pushing for the continuity of this provision in the new global climate deal.

    Many developed countries, meanwhile, have argued that such countries have become major emitters since the UN climate convention was signed in 1992.

    But without the fast-emerging economies on board, there can be no meaningful agreement.

    Countries like China and India argue that the developed countries have historic responsibility to cut emissions, that it is developing countries' turn to pursue development works - and for that they need to be allowed to emit.

    The difference is being seen as a major challenge to secure a global deal here in Paris, which has already missed the original Friday deadline.