A new deal has been agreed at the UN climate summit in Dubai after days of negotiations
For the first time, the deal calls on all countries to move away from using fossil fuels - but not to phase them out, something many governments wanted
The text recognises the need for deep, rapid and sustained reductions if humanity is to limit temperature rises to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels
The COP28 president said nations had "confronted realities and... set the world in the right direction"
Burning fossil fuels drives global warming, risking millions of lives. So far, governments have never collectively agreed to stop using them
Island nations hard-hit by climate change are critical - representative Samoa says they were "not in the room" when the deal was approved
Campaign groups also say the agreement doesn't go far enough; Greenpeace says it won't be possible to achieve the transition in a "fair and fast manner"
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter, at COP28
There is still a bit of sense of shock in here at how quickly the deal was gavelled through by the COP28 presidency.
The fact that key global players are making their speeches only now, after the deal is through rather than before as typically happens, suggests how quickly it was approved.
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter, at COP28
More from the US's John Kerry now, who calls it a "historic" moment here in Dubai.
He says it's clear that pledging to transition away from fossil fuels is a huge achievement, even though "many, many people" would have used different words
That's a nod to the fact that many nations and groups here, including the EU and US, said they wanted the deal to "phase out fossil fuels".
A few minutes after the deal was done, we caught this moment of two people celebrating in the overflow room, which was where many campaigners, NGOs and academics had gathered.
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter, at COP28
Image source, AFPJohn Kerry, the USA's climate envoy, says everyone should be pleased with the deal, considering the challenges posed by the war in Ukraine and the Israel-Gaza conflict.
Everyone here should feel good, he says, even if the deal is not perfect.
"Everyone might have said things a bit differently... but I think this is a cause for optimism," he adds. "I am in awe of the spirit of cooperation."
Justin Rowlatt
Climate editor, at COP28
The president of COP28 is styling this as a moment in history. The point at which the world changed course and began to really bear down on the overwhelming source of the emissions warming our planet: coal, oil and gas.
And it really is significant progress that for the first time fossil fuels and the need to “transition” away from them has been included in the text.
Campaigners will say it is too little too late. But the world coming together to acknowledge that fact will have consequences in the real world. Would you want to bet your life savings on a new coal-fired power plant after today?
But it is true that the agreement is fundamentally weak. Why? Because the strongest language the UAE could get the world to agree was to “call on parties to contribute” to a series of actions to tackle climate change.
I could wash a single plate and I would have “contributed” to doing the washing up - but would you reckon I had really pulled my weight?
That lack of compulsion was acknowledged by the president of these talks in his speech this morning. “Now it is up to you”, he told the delegates.
How successful this deal is all about “implementation”, he said - how much of the washing up the countries of the world actually decide to do.
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter, at COP28
Image source, AFPNow Brazil's climate minister Marina Silva is speaking.
Developed countries should take the lead in transitioning away from fossil fuels, she says.
"The challenge of delivering this 1.5C mission will depend on everyone's commitment," she adds.
She says her country is pleased and honoured to be able to help in this - Brazil will host COP in two years, in the Amazon in Belem.
Dulcie Lee
Live reporter, at COP28
As I ducked out of the hall again, I just caught our TV team legging it across the COP28 conference centre - under the baking Dubai sun - as they rapidly changed locations for their broadcast.
It's worth remembering this conference centre is seriously huge - it takes about 25 minutes to walk from one side to the other
You can of course watch their content by pressing the play button at the top of the page.
Esme Stallard
Climate reporter, at COP28
I am sat in the other plenary where the proceedings are being live streamed to the "observers".
These are the independent NGOs, academics, activists that have been present at the negotiations for the last two weeks providing advice and putting pressure on countries.
There was no standing ovation in here when the gavel was brought down. In fact the mood was subdued - they were shocked it was pushed through so quickly.
The director of NGO the Climate Action Network Europe, Chiara Martinelli, said: "While this morning's COP28 text signals support for the clear science that there is no space for fossil fuels in the future, it falls short in providing the fair scale, clarity and speed we truly need."
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter, at COP28
The COP president thanks the Samoan delegation for the comments.
Sultan al-Jaber calmly replies that they were consulted in advance of the COP.
He then gives the floor to Pakistan. He appears to be moving on from that extraordinary intervention.
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter, at COP28
Samoa is listing their objections to the text, naming line-by-line parts of the deal they don't approve.
"The exclusive focus on energy systems is disappointing," the delegate says.
The COP president is leaning to his left, talking to someone next to him on the stage. He claps as the Samoan response ends.
But many UN observers from NGOs are standing up, clapping and cheering the Samoan comments, which are critical of the deal just signed off.
The cheers are going on and on.
Image source, AFPA delegate from Samoa says they are "a little confused" by the approval of the deal before the Alliance of Small Island States had a chance to share their view.
Samoa chairs the group of 39 island nations, who are particularly vulnerable to climate change.
She tells the COP28 president: "It seems that you just gavelled the decisions when the small island states weren't in the room."
The delegate is reading their statement now - which they planned to do before the deal was approved.
We'll bring you more of what she says here.
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter, at COP28
Image source, ReutersThere was an eruption of applause in the main room as the deal was agreed
I was in the plenary at last year's COP in Sharm el-Sheikh when a historic deal was struck to set up a fund for rich nations to give money to poor nations on the front lines of climate change.
It was the middle of the night, and few people were around for that big moment in Egypt. It almost passed everyone by.
This year is totally different.
The room is packed and there's real energy in the room - rounds of applause and even cheers.
The COP conference room erupted into applause, with hugs and huge smiles on the faces of delegates, as the deal was announced. People took to their feet and applauded, with lots of cheers heard as well.
Watch the moment above.
Georgina Rannard
Climate reporter, at COP28
"We needed this COP to send crystal clear signals on several fronts," Simon Stiell says.
"Some genuine strides forward were delivered," the senior UN climate change diplomat says.
He emphasises the importance of the pledge to treble renewable energy capacity by 2030, and the fund set up for rich nations to give money to poor nations suffering the impacts of climate change.
The COP28 president Sultan al-Jaber has ended his speech now, in which he hailed the climate deal approved by almost 200 countries as an "historic package".
"We have delivered a paradigm shift that has the potential to redefine our economies," he told the assembled delegates in the closing session
But al-Jaber also cautioned that "an agreement is only as good as its implementation".
"We are what we do, not what we say," he said.
Matt McGrath
Environment correspondent, at COP28
Just before the final plenary session, the presidency team were nervous about the prospect of delegates tearing into the agreement and the whole text falling apart or requiring major surgery.
Their fears were misplaced.
Sultan al-Jaber moved to approve the document with no interventions or objections.
I think this signals an overall acceptance for the package of measures - that while imperfect, it meets the needs of most countries.
For the progressives, there are signals that the fossil fuel era is coming to an end. For oil producers there is enough ambiguity so that they can continue producing.
The promises to treble renewables and the requirement for new carbon cutting plans are also significant for many.
Esme Stallard
Climate reporter, at COP28
This deal gavelled through in the last few minutes runs to 21 pages and nearly 200 paragraphs.
This is not a legally-binding document - but it shows the path forward for countries on climate change.
The key takeaway points are:
Dulcie Lee
Live reporter, at COP28
I've had to grab my stuff and make a dash out of the hall - with hundreds if not thousands of people in the room, the internet connection is struggling.
Sat on the floor outside, dozens of journalists are gathered out here, many broadcasting this moment live.
The applause is still spilling out loud and clear from the key room.
Now the COP28 president takes a more personal tone. Looking around the room, he says "it has been a personal privilege for me to have the opportunity to guide this conference".
People chuckle as he thanks key teams for staying up until 04:00 and 05:00 negotiating.
Matt McGrath
Environment correspondent, at COP28
Speaking just after the document was agreed, Sultan al-Jaber says this is a historic moment.
"We have language on fossil fuels in our final agreement for the first time ever," he said to sustained applause.