Summary

  • A two-week UN summit in Paris has agreed the first climate deal to commit all countries to cut emissions

  • The international agreement was gavelled through by French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius to claps and cheers

  • More than 190 countries had been working on the pact for four years after earlier attempts to reach such a deal failed

  • Negotiations ran into the small hours for three consecutive nights in order to hammer out the final draft

  1. The victory speeches beginpublished at 18:39

    South African Minister Edna Molewa, speaking on behalf of the "G77 plus China" group of developing countries:  

    Quote Message

    The agreement is balanced and the best we can get at this historic moment.

    Ms Molewa finished her comments with a quote from Nelson Mandela:

    Quote Message

    I can only rest for a moment - for with freedom comes responsibilities and I dare not linger. For my long walk is not ended.

  2. Ban Ki-moon, Francois Hollande join presidency on stagepublished at 18:36 Greenwich Mean Time 12 December 2015

    Christiana Figueres, Ban Ki-moon, Laurent Fabius and Francois Hollande join handsImage source, UNFCCC
    Laurent Fabius and Francois Hollande applauding the delegatesImage source, UNFCCC
  3. Fabius: "A small gavel does a great job"published at 18:31

    With a wide grin, COP president Laurent Fabius banged the gavel indicating the Paris agreement was now officially adopted.

    The standing ovation continued.

    Laurent Fabius and gavelImage source, UNFCCC
  4. A standing ovation for Laurent Fabius and his presidencypublished at 18:29

    Al GoreImage source, UNFCCC
    Image caption,

    Former US vice-president Al Gore joins the applause

    delegates with tears in their eyesImage source, UNFCCC
  5. The agreement is adopted, to prolonged and loud applausepublished at 18:27
    Breaking

    Conference president Fabius:

    Quote Message

    I now invite the COP to adopt the document. I see no objections.

  6. A crucial 'shall' comes out for 'should'published at 18:25

    Further to the concerns over "shall" and "should" in Article 4 - the secretariat have just clarified the meaning of this section, which appeared to suggest that developed countries had a legal obligation to make emissions reductions while developing countries didn't.

    The "shall" was an error, the team says. It has been replaced by a "should" meaning that it isn't legally binding. 

  7. A list of corrections begins...published at 18:22

    Now a list of technical corrections is being read out - which the "Secretaire Executif Adjoint" says resulted from delegates and staffers being understandably sleep-deprived.

    Secretariat member at lecternImage source, BBC/UNFCCC
  8. Recapping the more straightforward decisionspublished at 18.20

    Conference president Laurent Fabius has introduced a recap of legal proceedings that took place to help put the agreement together.

    The delegates are discussing the paragraphs that had already agreed by consensus.

  9. WATCH LIVE: Delayed, critical plenary session now underwaypublished at 18:16
    Breaking

    After two long weeks of negotiations, in which a draft agreement was whittled from some 50 pages down to 31, a session is now underway that could see it turned into a UN treaty.

    Use the 'Live Coverage' tab at the top of the page to watch.

    We will bring you comments and analysis as the meeting progresses.

  10. Is there a problem with "shall" and "should"?published at 18:09

    Matt McGrath
    Environment correspondent, BBC News, Paris

    We're hearing that there may be some problems over Article 4 of the agreement.

    One of the sub-paragraphs says that developed countries "shall" undertake economy-wide, absolute emission reductions targets.

    Whereas developing countries "should" continue enhancing their mitigation efforts, and are "encouraged" over time to move towards economy-wide emission reduction or limitation targets.

    The line for the developed world would be legally binding, while the developing countries requirement would not.

    Also the use of "absolute" - meaning actual reductions - is not reflected in the developing countries target.

    This, of course, is just journalistic speculation, prompted by the lack of actual movement at present.

    But the rumour continues....

  11. Almost deafening silencepublished at 18:05

    Half an hour ago, the UN Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) sent this tweet:

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    Since then, nothing has been said publicly by officials or delegations.

    The conference centre is buzzing with uncertainty.

  12. After multiple postponements, a plenary drifts into prime timepublished at 17:50

    BBC science editor David Shukman is about to broadcast live on the early evening news in the UK - while in the next hall, hundreds of delegates await an overdue plenary session that could decide the deal.

    David Shukman in front of a row of cameras
  13. While we wait: Turning a document into a graphpublished at 17:46

    According to some commentators, how well this deal will work comes down to a key question of vocabulary: how many "shoulds" and how many "shalls" does it contain?

    "Shall" is seen as legally binding, whereas "should" is not.

    ParisAgreement.org - a group that has been analysing the text as the fortnight went on - has mapped out where all the "shalls" can be found...

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  14. A long sequence of 'huddles' on the plenary stagepublished at 17:33

    Conference chief Laurent Fabius has been lost from view in a series of huddled discussions behind the lectern.

    Observers are unsure exactly what is being discussed - and what we are waiting for.

    The atmosphere is rather more confused now and delegates are moving around the room again, having their own discussions. But nobody is going very far.

    plenary roomImage source, UNFCCC
  15. Which way will it go - and when? No one seems quite sure...published at 17:20

    Matt McGrath
    Environment correspondent, BBC News, Paris

    As delegates wait for the start of this key session, no one is quite certain if we will be here for minutes or for hours.

    The body language and the statements already made indicate that key blocks are supporting the deal.

    But it may well be that groups and individual countries will want to take the opportunity to make remarks.

    COP21 president Laurent Fabius could possibly "gavel through" the adoption of the agreement very quickly before the speeches start in earnest.

    If that happens, expect roof-lifting cheers from the normally sombre diplomats and ministers.

    Sign saying 'parties only' and passers-by
    Image caption,

    It's delegations only in the hall itself - but you can watch the session right here on this page

  16. Translations of the deal are now availablepublished at 17:12

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  17. Selfie signals seem positive for agreement's adoptionpublished at 17:07

    This plenary session is running half an hour late - and counting - but all the body language is looking positive for adoption of the agreement.

    If the number of selfies being taken by groups of normally strait-laced negotiators is anything to go by, then this deal is surely home and hosed.

  18. Support for agreement grows, minutes away from critical plenary meetingpublished at 17:01

    US lead negotiator Todd Stern told reporters as he entered the meeting that the US was supporting the agreement. The G77 plus China group, representing more than 130 developing nations, also assented to the deal. 

    Quote Message

    We are united, all together. We are happy to go home with this text

    Nozipho Mxakato-Diseko, South African negotiator and spokesman for the G77

  19. A packed hall is waiting to hear what happenspublished at 16:58

    Attendees spotted in the room include former head of the UNHCR Mary Robinson, former US vice-president Al Gore and leading climate economist Nicholas Stern.

    Packed plenary hallImage source, UNFCCC
  20. Thumbs up from China?published at 16:48

    Chinese negotiator Xie Zhenhua gave a quiet thumbs-up to Miguel Arias Canete, the EU's climate commissioner, as they both moved towards their seats.

    Mr Xie and Mr Canete